Microbiology Chapter 1 Key Terms Questions and Answers, A+

Microorganisms - Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye Germ - Rapidly growing cell Pathogenic - Disease-causing What are some good things that microbes do? - 1. Decompose organic waste (Without them we'd have too much waste) 2. They are producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis 3. They produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetone 4. Produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and bread. 5. Produce products used in manufacturing and treatment (insulin) 6. Create Designer Jeans What does the knowledge of microorganisms allow humans to do? - 1. Prevent food spoilage 2. Prevent disease occurrence (prevention by understanding them) 3. Led to aseptic techniques to prevent contamination in meds and in labs What are aseptic techniques? - Techniques that keeps thing sterile and avoids cross contamination to prevent spread Who established the system of scientific nomenclature? - Linnaeus Each organism has two names, what are these two names called? - The Genus and the Species (aka specific epithet) How do scientific names differ from other names? - Scientific names are italicized or underlined. Also, the genus is capitalized which the species is lower case. (Ex. E.coli) Scientific names are latinized and used worldwide and can be very descriptive or they can honor a scientist. What is Escherichia coli and how did it get that name? - Escherichia coli is also known as E.coli. E.coli honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich, and describes the habitat of the E.coli which is in the large intestine or colon (coli). What is Staphylococcus aureus and how did it get that name? - Staphylococcus aureus describes the arrangement of the bacterium which is: clustered (staphylo) spperical (cocci) cells, Along with the gold color of the bacterium's colonies (aureus). How are scientific names used when writing a paper or a lab report? - After the first use, scientific names may be abbreviated with the first letter of the genus and the specific epithet. What are some types of microorganisms? - 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Fungi 4. Protozoa 5. Algae 6. Viruses 7. Multicellular animal parasites *Refer to pictures in book Bacteria - -Prokaryotic (No nucleus) -Peptidoglycan cell walls -Binary Fission -For energy they use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, and also occasionally photosynthesis. Archaea - -Prokaryotic (No nucleus) -Lack Peptidoglycan -Live in extreme environments -Examples: Methanogens, (live in high conc. of methane) Extreme Halophiles (love salt), and Extreme thermophiles (love heat) Fungi - -Eukaryotes -Chitin Cell Walls -Use Organic Chemicals for energy -Molds and Mushrooms Are molds and mushrooms unicellular or multicellular? - They are multicellular and they consist of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae.