SATB SAQs
, RESEARCH METHOD
Explain the use of one research method in one study of the individual and the group.
Lab Experiment
• Establishes cause-effect relationships
• Allows researchers to manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on
dependent variable
• Other variables are keep constant to eliminate as many other factors that could
potentially influence the behavior.
• Participants are often randomly allocated to conditions
• Placebo is often used as a control condition → prevents demand characteristics.
Bandura Ross & Ross (1961)
Aim:
Investigate whether aggression can be learned through observation and imitation
Procedure:
• 36 boys and 36 girls between ages 3-6 were tested for levels of aggression prior to the
experiment.
• Measured their aggressive behavior according to 5 point rating scales.
• This was done in order to control for initial levels of aggression in children.
• Used a matched-pairs design
• Samples paired between the two conditions being measured based on common
variables.
• Children were put into the room full of toys
• In group 1, 24 children (12 boys and 12 girls) Who watched either male or female model
behaving aggressively towards a Bobo doll.
• Punching, throwing the doll, sitting on it, Kicking it, Verbally abusing the doll
• In group 2 children observed a non-aggressive model who played quietly with tinker
toys without exhibiting any form of physical or verbal aggression
• In group 3, children were not shown any model
After observing models, they were primed for aggression in a different room where they
could not play with specific toys.
In third room they were observed for levels of aggression
Results:
• Children who observed aggressive models were significantly more aggressive (physically
and verbally)
• All children showed clear signs of observational learning.
• Girls were more likely to imitate verbal aggression, boys more physical.
Conclusion:
• Children showed clear signs of learning the observed behavior
• Study strengthens Bandura’s theory as it was clear that children imitated their models
RM – Individual
, RESEARCH METHOD
Explain the use of one research method in one study of the individual and the group.
Lab Experiment
• Establishes cause-effect relationships
• Allows researchers to manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on
dependent variable
• Other variables are keep constant to eliminate as many other factors that could
potentially influence the behavior.
• Participants are often randomly allocated to conditions
• Placebo is often used as a control condition → prevents demand characteristics.
Bandura Ross & Ross (1961)
Aim:
Investigate whether aggression can be learned through observation and imitation
Procedure:
• 36 boys and 36 girls between ages 3-6 were tested for levels of aggression prior to the
experiment.
• Measured their aggressive behavior according to 5 point rating scales.
• This was done in order to control for initial levels of aggression in children.
• Used a matched-pairs design
• Samples paired between the two conditions being measured based on common
variables.
• Children were put into the room full of toys
• In group 1, 24 children (12 boys and 12 girls) Who watched either male or female model
behaving aggressively towards a Bobo doll.
• Punching, throwing the doll, sitting on it, Kicking it, Verbally abusing the doll
• In group 2 children observed a non-aggressive model who played quietly with tinker
toys without exhibiting any form of physical or verbal aggression
• In group 3, children were not shown any model
After observing models, they were primed for aggression in a different room where they
could not play with specific toys.
In third room they were observed for levels of aggression
Results:
• Children who observed aggressive models were significantly more aggressive (physically
and verbally)
• All children showed clear signs of observational learning.
• Girls were more likely to imitate verbal aggression, boys more physical.
Conclusion:
• Children showed clear signs of learning the observed behavior
• Study strengthens Bandura’s theory as it was clear that children imitated their models
RM – Individual
