SATB ERQs
, RESEARCH METHODS
Discuss the use of one research method in the sociocultural approach in the
study of the role of individual and the group.
Experiment
• Establishes cause-effect relationships
• Allows researchers to manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on
dependent variable
• Other variables are keep constant to eliminate as many other factors that could
potentially influence the behavior.
• Participants are often randomly allocated to conditions
• Placebo is often used as a control condition → prevents demand characteristics.
TAJFEL (minimal group paradigm)
BANDURA (1961)
Manipulation of independent variables
• Exposing different participants to different conditions such as control and experimental
Measurement of dependent variables
• To record changes caused by manipulation of independent variable
Control over extraneous variables
• Limits the influence of extraneous variable on experimental results
• Helps to establish cause-effect relationship
Standardized procedure
• Ensures that procedure can be replicated
Research design
• Independent measures
• Repeated measure
• Matched pairs
Strengths Limitations
• Manipulation and control over variables • Could be unethical
→ Cause effect relationship • Isolation of external variables → artificial
• Standardized procedure → Replication → experiment → low external validity → low
validity ecological validity
• Control over variables allows to focus on • Participants might be fully aware that
one aspect of the study they are participating in a psychology
• Statistical analysis → organization and experiment → Reactivity effect
interpretation of data is easier • Participants might figure out the
hypothesis → Demand characteristics
• Reductionist
, RESEARCH METHODS
Discuss the use of one research method in the sociocultural approach in the
study of the cultural origins of behavior.
Experiment
• Establishes cause-effect relationships
• Allows researchers to manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on
dependent variable
• Other variables are keep constant to eliminate as many other factors that could
potentially influence the behavior.
• Participants are often randomly allocated to conditions
• Placebo is often used as a control condition → prevents demand characteristics.
BERRY (1967)
TAKANO & SOGON (2008)
Manipulation of independent variables
• Exposing different participants to different conditions such as control and experimental
Measurement of dependent variables
• To record changes caused by manipulation of independent variable
Control over extraneous variables
• Limits the influence of extraneous variable on experimental results
• Helps to establish cause-effect relationship
Standardized procedure
• Ensures that procedure can be replicated
Research design
• Independent measures
• Repeated measure
• Matched pairs
Strengths Limitations
• Manipulation and control over variables • Could be unethical
→ Cause effect relationship • Isolation of external variables → artificial
• Standardized procedure → Replication → experiment → low external validity → low
validity ecological validity
• Control over variables allows to focus on • Participants might be fully aware that
one aspect of the study they are participating in a psychology
• Statistical analysis → organization and experiment → Reactivity effect
interpretation of data is easier • Participants might figure out the
hypothesis → Demand characteristics
• Reductionist
, RESEARCH METHODS
Discuss ethical considerations in the sociocultural approach.
INFORMED CONSENT
• Means that before someone agrees to participate in a study:
• researcher must explain the purpose and procedure
• Person’s rights to withdraw
• And that data will be kept anonymous
• Risks and negative effects of participation
BANDURA (1961)
Deception
• Misleading participation or misrepresenting their participation in some untrue way
• Deception used to be utilized in psychological researches often
→ allowed for more valid measurement of naturally occurring behavior
• Unjustified deception is not permitted anymore
• If deception is justified it could be beneficial for the reliability of the results
BERRY (1967)
, RESEARCH METHODS
Discuss the use of one research method in the sociocultural approach in the
study of the role of individual and the group.
Experiment
• Establishes cause-effect relationships
• Allows researchers to manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on
dependent variable
• Other variables are keep constant to eliminate as many other factors that could
potentially influence the behavior.
• Participants are often randomly allocated to conditions
• Placebo is often used as a control condition → prevents demand characteristics.
TAJFEL (minimal group paradigm)
BANDURA (1961)
Manipulation of independent variables
• Exposing different participants to different conditions such as control and experimental
Measurement of dependent variables
• To record changes caused by manipulation of independent variable
Control over extraneous variables
• Limits the influence of extraneous variable on experimental results
• Helps to establish cause-effect relationship
Standardized procedure
• Ensures that procedure can be replicated
Research design
• Independent measures
• Repeated measure
• Matched pairs
Strengths Limitations
• Manipulation and control over variables • Could be unethical
→ Cause effect relationship • Isolation of external variables → artificial
• Standardized procedure → Replication → experiment → low external validity → low
validity ecological validity
• Control over variables allows to focus on • Participants might be fully aware that
one aspect of the study they are participating in a psychology
• Statistical analysis → organization and experiment → Reactivity effect
interpretation of data is easier • Participants might figure out the
hypothesis → Demand characteristics
• Reductionist
, RESEARCH METHODS
Discuss the use of one research method in the sociocultural approach in the
study of the cultural origins of behavior.
Experiment
• Establishes cause-effect relationships
• Allows researchers to manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on
dependent variable
• Other variables are keep constant to eliminate as many other factors that could
potentially influence the behavior.
• Participants are often randomly allocated to conditions
• Placebo is often used as a control condition → prevents demand characteristics.
BERRY (1967)
TAKANO & SOGON (2008)
Manipulation of independent variables
• Exposing different participants to different conditions such as control and experimental
Measurement of dependent variables
• To record changes caused by manipulation of independent variable
Control over extraneous variables
• Limits the influence of extraneous variable on experimental results
• Helps to establish cause-effect relationship
Standardized procedure
• Ensures that procedure can be replicated
Research design
• Independent measures
• Repeated measure
• Matched pairs
Strengths Limitations
• Manipulation and control over variables • Could be unethical
→ Cause effect relationship • Isolation of external variables → artificial
• Standardized procedure → Replication → experiment → low external validity → low
validity ecological validity
• Control over variables allows to focus on • Participants might be fully aware that
one aspect of the study they are participating in a psychology
• Statistical analysis → organization and experiment → Reactivity effect
interpretation of data is easier • Participants might figure out the
hypothesis → Demand characteristics
• Reductionist
, RESEARCH METHODS
Discuss ethical considerations in the sociocultural approach.
INFORMED CONSENT
• Means that before someone agrees to participate in a study:
• researcher must explain the purpose and procedure
• Person’s rights to withdraw
• And that data will be kept anonymous
• Risks and negative effects of participation
BANDURA (1961)
Deception
• Misleading participation or misrepresenting their participation in some untrue way
• Deception used to be utilized in psychological researches often
→ allowed for more valid measurement of naturally occurring behavior
• Unjustified deception is not permitted anymore
• If deception is justified it could be beneficial for the reliability of the results
BERRY (1967)
