Nutrition Exam 2 study guide and notes | Questions and Answers | 2024
Non essential amino acids ** Answer ** Can be made in the body and do not have
to do the work
Essential amino acids ** Answer ** Have to be consumed, not made in the body
What happens during protein digestion in the stomach? ** Answer ** HCl
denatures proteins, enzymes turn pepsinogen into pepsin to then be used for
digestion
Positive nitrogen balance ** Answer ** Building a net of proteins (babies, kids,
pregnant women)
Negative nitrogen balance ** Answer ** Net loss of proteins (starvation)
Equal nitrogen balance ** Answer ** Net zero of proteins in healthy adults
How to calculate protein RDA of a healthy adult ** Answer ** Kg of weight x (0.8
kg/day)
How many grams of protein in 1 oz of milk or yogurt ** Answer ** 8g
How many grams of protein in 1 0z of fruits and veggies ** Answer ** 2-3g
Roles and functions of proteins ** Answer ** Structure and building blocks,
enzymes, hormones for lactation or blood glucose and more, fluid balance, acid
regulator, transepts, blood clotting, vision, last food energy source
Digestibility of animal protein ** Answer ** 90-99%
Digestibility of plant protein ** Answer ** 70-90%
What type of reaction bonds peptides ** Answer ** Dehydration/condensation
reaction
What type of structure does insulin have? ** Answer ** Tertiary
, protein absorption ** Answer ** Amino acids are transported to intestinal cells,
then used for energy. Any extra goes to the liver.
Transcription ** Answer ** synthesis of an RNA molecule to make proteins
T rna ** Answer ** Backup type of RNA that carries amino acids to mRNA
Catabolic reactions ** Answer ** Breaks down glycogen, triglycerides, and
protein and releases energy
Anabolic ** Answer ** Needs energy to build proteins, glycogen, triglycerides, etc
What are triglycerides made up of? ** Answer ** 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Saturated fat structure ** Answer ** Single bond, stacked and compact
Hydrogenation definition and cause ** Answer ** Manufacturers try and stop the
double bonds of unsaturated fats, but this causes oxidation. Hydrogenation makes
fats more saturated.
Trans fat structure ** Answer ** Hydrogens on opposite ends of the double bond,
hydrogenation makes it.
Cis fat structure ** Answer ** Hydrogens on the same sides of the double bond
What do phospholipids do for fat digestion ** Answer ** Emulsifies foods, helps
fat soluble substances the most because of amphipathic qualities
Which foods are phospholipids mostly found in ** Answer ** Mayo, dressings,
eggs, liver, soybeans, candy, peanuts
Main foods that cholesterols are found in ** Answer ** Meats, eggs, seafood,
poultry, dairy
What do sterols made in the body contribute to ** Answer ** Bile acid, sex
hormones, adrenal hormones, vitamin D, structural component to cell membranes,
carbon and no fatty acid tails
Non essential amino acids ** Answer ** Can be made in the body and do not have
to do the work
Essential amino acids ** Answer ** Have to be consumed, not made in the body
What happens during protein digestion in the stomach? ** Answer ** HCl
denatures proteins, enzymes turn pepsinogen into pepsin to then be used for
digestion
Positive nitrogen balance ** Answer ** Building a net of proteins (babies, kids,
pregnant women)
Negative nitrogen balance ** Answer ** Net loss of proteins (starvation)
Equal nitrogen balance ** Answer ** Net zero of proteins in healthy adults
How to calculate protein RDA of a healthy adult ** Answer ** Kg of weight x (0.8
kg/day)
How many grams of protein in 1 oz of milk or yogurt ** Answer ** 8g
How many grams of protein in 1 0z of fruits and veggies ** Answer ** 2-3g
Roles and functions of proteins ** Answer ** Structure and building blocks,
enzymes, hormones for lactation or blood glucose and more, fluid balance, acid
regulator, transepts, blood clotting, vision, last food energy source
Digestibility of animal protein ** Answer ** 90-99%
Digestibility of plant protein ** Answer ** 70-90%
What type of reaction bonds peptides ** Answer ** Dehydration/condensation
reaction
What type of structure does insulin have? ** Answer ** Tertiary
, protein absorption ** Answer ** Amino acids are transported to intestinal cells,
then used for energy. Any extra goes to the liver.
Transcription ** Answer ** synthesis of an RNA molecule to make proteins
T rna ** Answer ** Backup type of RNA that carries amino acids to mRNA
Catabolic reactions ** Answer ** Breaks down glycogen, triglycerides, and
protein and releases energy
Anabolic ** Answer ** Needs energy to build proteins, glycogen, triglycerides, etc
What are triglycerides made up of? ** Answer ** 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Saturated fat structure ** Answer ** Single bond, stacked and compact
Hydrogenation definition and cause ** Answer ** Manufacturers try and stop the
double bonds of unsaturated fats, but this causes oxidation. Hydrogenation makes
fats more saturated.
Trans fat structure ** Answer ** Hydrogens on opposite ends of the double bond,
hydrogenation makes it.
Cis fat structure ** Answer ** Hydrogens on the same sides of the double bond
What do phospholipids do for fat digestion ** Answer ** Emulsifies foods, helps
fat soluble substances the most because of amphipathic qualities
Which foods are phospholipids mostly found in ** Answer ** Mayo, dressings,
eggs, liver, soybeans, candy, peanuts
Main foods that cholesterols are found in ** Answer ** Meats, eggs, seafood,
poultry, dairy
What do sterols made in the body contribute to ** Answer ** Bile acid, sex
hormones, adrenal hormones, vitamin D, structural component to cell membranes,
carbon and no fatty acid tails
