BIOD 121 (portage): Module 4 Exam
Questions And Answers (Verified And
Updated)
Vitamins
Organic compounds required in small amounts that regulate and support body processes
Essential vitamins
Found in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be synthesized.
Enrichment
Adding lost nutrients, from milling and processing, back into the final product.
Fortification
Supplementing a product with additional vitamins not normally found in the product
Fat-soluble
Dependent on dietary fat for absorption; stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Xeropthalmia
Abnormal dryness due to a vitamin A deficiency
Retinal
Helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light.
Antioxidant
Inhibits oxidation via stopping substances (oxidants) from causing damage to cells.
Vitamin D
Vitamin and a hormone that regulates calcium levels and bone metabolism.
Rickets
Poor mineralization of bone due to inadequate calcium deposits. Characterized by bowed legs.
Osteomalcia
Inadequate calcium absorption and deposition in the bones of adults which leads to soft bones
Osteoporosis
With age, bone mass decreases, bones thin and become porous.
Vitamin E
Antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from free radicals.
, Tocopherol
Chemical name of Vitamin E
Free radicals
Alter a cell's DNA, damage cell membranes, and increase the risk for cancer.
Vitamin K
Involved in the process of coagulation (blood clotting)
Water-soluble vitamins
Absorbed into the blood stream and easily dissolve in water.
Coenzymes
Small molecules that bind to inactive enzymes and, once bound, cause the enzyme to become active.
Bioavailability
The amount of a vitamin that is absorbed and available to the body. (high=50-90%)
Thiamin (B1)
Works with enzymes to promote metabolism of glucose. (converts carbs to energy)
Beriberi:
Thiamin-deficiency disease; loss of sensation in the hands and feet, muscular weakness, advancing
paralysis, and abnormal heart action
Riboflavin (B2):
Antioxidant necessary for vitamin and mineral metabolism, and used during energy metabolism
(requires oxygen).
Ariboflavinosis
Riboflavin deficiency (rare)
glossitis- inflammation of tongue
cheilosis- cracks around mouth
sun sensitivity
confusion
Niacin (B3)
Nicotinic acid or Nicotinamide.
Releases energy from carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Can be made from tryptophan.
Pellagra
Niacin deficiency.
Means "rough skin".
4Ds: dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, & death.
Questions And Answers (Verified And
Updated)
Vitamins
Organic compounds required in small amounts that regulate and support body processes
Essential vitamins
Found in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be synthesized.
Enrichment
Adding lost nutrients, from milling and processing, back into the final product.
Fortification
Supplementing a product with additional vitamins not normally found in the product
Fat-soluble
Dependent on dietary fat for absorption; stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Xeropthalmia
Abnormal dryness due to a vitamin A deficiency
Retinal
Helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light.
Antioxidant
Inhibits oxidation via stopping substances (oxidants) from causing damage to cells.
Vitamin D
Vitamin and a hormone that regulates calcium levels and bone metabolism.
Rickets
Poor mineralization of bone due to inadequate calcium deposits. Characterized by bowed legs.
Osteomalcia
Inadequate calcium absorption and deposition in the bones of adults which leads to soft bones
Osteoporosis
With age, bone mass decreases, bones thin and become porous.
Vitamin E
Antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from free radicals.
, Tocopherol
Chemical name of Vitamin E
Free radicals
Alter a cell's DNA, damage cell membranes, and increase the risk for cancer.
Vitamin K
Involved in the process of coagulation (blood clotting)
Water-soluble vitamins
Absorbed into the blood stream and easily dissolve in water.
Coenzymes
Small molecules that bind to inactive enzymes and, once bound, cause the enzyme to become active.
Bioavailability
The amount of a vitamin that is absorbed and available to the body. (high=50-90%)
Thiamin (B1)
Works with enzymes to promote metabolism of glucose. (converts carbs to energy)
Beriberi:
Thiamin-deficiency disease; loss of sensation in the hands and feet, muscular weakness, advancing
paralysis, and abnormal heart action
Riboflavin (B2):
Antioxidant necessary for vitamin and mineral metabolism, and used during energy metabolism
(requires oxygen).
Ariboflavinosis
Riboflavin deficiency (rare)
glossitis- inflammation of tongue
cheilosis- cracks around mouth
sun sensitivity
confusion
Niacin (B3)
Nicotinic acid or Nicotinamide.
Releases energy from carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Can be made from tryptophan.
Pellagra
Niacin deficiency.
Means "rough skin".
4Ds: dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, & death.
