EXPH 387 Exam Final | Questions and Answers | 2024
Can you survive without the endocrine system? ** answ **NO!!!!!
The ____ along with the _____ regulates all of homeostasis, integrating body functions in order
to provide a stable internal environment. ** answ **endocrine system, nervous system
endocrine system affects nearly all aspects of human function such as... ** answ **-activate
enzymes
-alter cell membrane permeability
-initiate muscle contraction and relaxation
-stimulate protein and fat synthesis
-cause cellular secretion
-respond to stress
the endocrine system is... ** answ **relatively small compared to other organs (approx. 0.5kg)
What are the endocrine organs? ** answ **pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland,
parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, adipose tissue, thymus gland,
hypothalamus
What is the hypothalamus considered? ** answ **neuroendocrine organ
what does an endocrine organ consist of? ** answ **gland (host organ), hormones (chemical
messengers, and target/receptor organ
What are the 2 classifications of glands? ** answ **endocrine and exocrine
Characteristics of endocrine system... ** answ **-no ducts (ductless)
-secrete substances into extracellular spaces
-diffuses into bloodstream for transport to target tissues in the body
What do exocrine glands contain? ** answ **Secretory ducts
How are substances carried by the exocrine system? ** answ **Directly to surface or
compartment
How is the exocrine system primarily controlled? ** answ **Via the nervous system
Give examples of exocrine glands. ** answ **Sweat glands and upper GI glands
definition of a hormone: ** answ **chemical substances synthesized by glands, secreted into
the blood, and carried throughout the body
, What are the main 2 types of hormones? ** answ **steroid-derived hormone and amine or
polypeptide hormones
How are steroid-derived hormones transported in the blood? ** answ **Not soluble in blood
plasma
What is the source of steroid-derived hormones? ** answ **Synthesized from circulating
cholesterol via adrenal cortex and gonads
Where are the receptors for steroid-derived hormones typically located? ** answ **Usually
found within the cell
What are the characteristics of steroid-derived hormones? ** answ **- Hydrophobic
- Lipophilic
- Long half-life
What is a characteristic of amine and polypeptide hormones in terms of solubility? ** answ
**They are soluble in blood plasma
Where are the receptors for amine and polypeptide hormones located? ** answ **On the cell
membrane of target tissues
How do amine and polypeptide hormones travel in the blood? ** answ **Without the need for a
transport protein
Are amine and polypeptide hormones hydrophilic or lipophobic? ** answ **Both
What do amine and polypeptide hormones bind to in the cell? ** answ **Transmembrane
proteins
What is the exception regarding the binding location of thyroid hormones? ** answ **They
bind inside the cell, not to transmembrane proteins
Do amine and polypeptide hormones have a long or short half-life? ** answ **Short half-life
What is one major function of hormones related to intracellular protein synthesis? ** answ
**Modifying rate of intracellular protein synthesis via DNA stimulation
How do hormones affect enzyme activity? ** answ **Changing rate of enzyme activity
In what way do hormones alter plasma membrane transport? ** answ **Altering plasma
membrane transport via second messenger
What is a major function of hormones related to secretory activity? ** answ **Inducing
secretory activity
Can you survive without the endocrine system? ** answ **NO!!!!!
The ____ along with the _____ regulates all of homeostasis, integrating body functions in order
to provide a stable internal environment. ** answ **endocrine system, nervous system
endocrine system affects nearly all aspects of human function such as... ** answ **-activate
enzymes
-alter cell membrane permeability
-initiate muscle contraction and relaxation
-stimulate protein and fat synthesis
-cause cellular secretion
-respond to stress
the endocrine system is... ** answ **relatively small compared to other organs (approx. 0.5kg)
What are the endocrine organs? ** answ **pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland,
parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, adipose tissue, thymus gland,
hypothalamus
What is the hypothalamus considered? ** answ **neuroendocrine organ
what does an endocrine organ consist of? ** answ **gland (host organ), hormones (chemical
messengers, and target/receptor organ
What are the 2 classifications of glands? ** answ **endocrine and exocrine
Characteristics of endocrine system... ** answ **-no ducts (ductless)
-secrete substances into extracellular spaces
-diffuses into bloodstream for transport to target tissues in the body
What do exocrine glands contain? ** answ **Secretory ducts
How are substances carried by the exocrine system? ** answ **Directly to surface or
compartment
How is the exocrine system primarily controlled? ** answ **Via the nervous system
Give examples of exocrine glands. ** answ **Sweat glands and upper GI glands
definition of a hormone: ** answ **chemical substances synthesized by glands, secreted into
the blood, and carried throughout the body
, What are the main 2 types of hormones? ** answ **steroid-derived hormone and amine or
polypeptide hormones
How are steroid-derived hormones transported in the blood? ** answ **Not soluble in blood
plasma
What is the source of steroid-derived hormones? ** answ **Synthesized from circulating
cholesterol via adrenal cortex and gonads
Where are the receptors for steroid-derived hormones typically located? ** answ **Usually
found within the cell
What are the characteristics of steroid-derived hormones? ** answ **- Hydrophobic
- Lipophilic
- Long half-life
What is a characteristic of amine and polypeptide hormones in terms of solubility? ** answ
**They are soluble in blood plasma
Where are the receptors for amine and polypeptide hormones located? ** answ **On the cell
membrane of target tissues
How do amine and polypeptide hormones travel in the blood? ** answ **Without the need for a
transport protein
Are amine and polypeptide hormones hydrophilic or lipophobic? ** answ **Both
What do amine and polypeptide hormones bind to in the cell? ** answ **Transmembrane
proteins
What is the exception regarding the binding location of thyroid hormones? ** answ **They
bind inside the cell, not to transmembrane proteins
Do amine and polypeptide hormones have a long or short half-life? ** answ **Short half-life
What is one major function of hormones related to intracellular protein synthesis? ** answ
**Modifying rate of intracellular protein synthesis via DNA stimulation
How do hormones affect enzyme activity? ** answ **Changing rate of enzyme activity
In what way do hormones alter plasma membrane transport? ** answ **Altering plasma
membrane transport via second messenger
What is a major function of hormones related to secretory activity? ** answ **Inducing
secretory activity
