Drug Disposition I & II | Exam Review | Verified Answers
chemical features of drugs that may impact drug disposition (4) ** ** 1. organic acid
drugs
2. organic base drugs
3. organic neutral non-ionizable drugs
4. large molecule drugs
organic acid drugs contain what chemical group? ** ** ionizable carboxyl group (R-
COOH)
organic base drugs contain what chemical group? ** ** ionizable amino group (R-NH2,
R2NH, R3N)
the name of large molecule drugs like polypeptides, proteins, and antibodies end in
what? ** ** -mab
(monoclonal antibody)
the objectives of drug therapy (3) ** ** 1. administer a drug & have it reach its site of
action, the drug receptor, within the body
2. cause a desired biological effect
3. the drug then terminates its action through metabolism or excretion & is removed
from the body
For most drugs, what is important in regards to interpreting the therapeutic effect? ** **
the concentration of drug in the blood
The standard measurement of therapeutic and toxic effects is the? NOT the? ** **
concentration of drug in the systemic circulation
not the dose that is given
The standard measurement of therapeutic and toxic effects accounts for (3) ** ** 1.
bioavailability
2. metabolism
3. excretion
, Target steady-state concentration is based on ** ** concentration in the blood, not on
the dose
relative amount of drug that can cause a biological effect by getting into the blood
"free", unbound drug that reaches the circulation and can potentially bind a receptor **
** bioavailability
3 phases of a blood concentration-time curve (single oral dose) ** ** 1. absorption
phase
2. peak concentration
3. elimination phase
what is the therapeutic range/ therapeutic window? ** ** concentrations of drug in the
blood between the minimum effective level and the minimum toxic level
does an IV bolus or an IV infusion result in a desired curve? ** ** IV infusion
what 2 phases are present when an IV bolus is given? ** ** 1. distribution phase
- may or may not start in the toxic range
2. elimination phase
Css ** ** concentration at steady state
amount of drug going in = amount of drug going out
what happens during the process of administering a drug is termed drug
________________ ** ** disposition
4 steps of drug disposition ** ** 1. absorption
2. distribution
3. biotransformation (metabolism)
4. excretion
drug absorption ** ** the process of getting the drug into the body/tissues
what determines the movement of drugs across membranes? ** ** physical properties
how are small molecules transferred across membrane barriers? (2) ** ** 1. passive
transport
chemical features of drugs that may impact drug disposition (4) ** ** 1. organic acid
drugs
2. organic base drugs
3. organic neutral non-ionizable drugs
4. large molecule drugs
organic acid drugs contain what chemical group? ** ** ionizable carboxyl group (R-
COOH)
organic base drugs contain what chemical group? ** ** ionizable amino group (R-NH2,
R2NH, R3N)
the name of large molecule drugs like polypeptides, proteins, and antibodies end in
what? ** ** -mab
(monoclonal antibody)
the objectives of drug therapy (3) ** ** 1. administer a drug & have it reach its site of
action, the drug receptor, within the body
2. cause a desired biological effect
3. the drug then terminates its action through metabolism or excretion & is removed
from the body
For most drugs, what is important in regards to interpreting the therapeutic effect? ** **
the concentration of drug in the blood
The standard measurement of therapeutic and toxic effects is the? NOT the? ** **
concentration of drug in the systemic circulation
not the dose that is given
The standard measurement of therapeutic and toxic effects accounts for (3) ** ** 1.
bioavailability
2. metabolism
3. excretion
, Target steady-state concentration is based on ** ** concentration in the blood, not on
the dose
relative amount of drug that can cause a biological effect by getting into the blood
"free", unbound drug that reaches the circulation and can potentially bind a receptor **
** bioavailability
3 phases of a blood concentration-time curve (single oral dose) ** ** 1. absorption
phase
2. peak concentration
3. elimination phase
what is the therapeutic range/ therapeutic window? ** ** concentrations of drug in the
blood between the minimum effective level and the minimum toxic level
does an IV bolus or an IV infusion result in a desired curve? ** ** IV infusion
what 2 phases are present when an IV bolus is given? ** ** 1. distribution phase
- may or may not start in the toxic range
2. elimination phase
Css ** ** concentration at steady state
amount of drug going in = amount of drug going out
what happens during the process of administering a drug is termed drug
________________ ** ** disposition
4 steps of drug disposition ** ** 1. absorption
2. distribution
3. biotransformation (metabolism)
4. excretion
drug absorption ** ** the process of getting the drug into the body/tissues
what determines the movement of drugs across membranes? ** ** physical properties
how are small molecules transferred across membrane barriers? (2) ** ** 1. passive
transport
