RNUR 238 - Adult 2 Final Questions and Verified Answers | Passed | A+

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF FVD : CAN DEVELOP RAPIDLY SEVERITY DEPENDS ON DEGREE OF LOSS weight loss, decreased skin turgor, oliguria, delayed cap refill, decreased BP, low CVP, flattened neck veins, dizziness, weakness, thirst, confusion, muscle cramps, increased pulse, sunken eyes, increased temp cool, clammy skin, increased hgb, hct, BUN, creatnine, urine specific gravity CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF FVE : EDEMA, DISTENDED NECK VEINS, CRACKLES, weight gain, distended jugular vein, elevated CVP, shortness of breathe, increased BP, increased urine output, increased RR, bounding pulse decreased hgb, hct, urine sodium and specific gravity Hyponatremia causes : "Serum sodium below 135 mEq/L (normal 135-145) Increased sodium excretion - Excessive diaphoresis, diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, wound drainage (Especially GI), kidney disease, decreased secretion of aldosterone (Addison's) Inadequate sodium intake - Fasting, NPO Dilution of serum sodium - Excessive ingestion of hypotonic fluids or irrigation with 2 hypotonic fluids, kidney disease, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, hyperglycemia, HF" Hyponatremia Signs/symptoms - "SALT LOSS" : mEq/L 135 Seizures/stupor, Abdominal cramping, Lethargic, Tendon reflex diminished Loss of urine/appetite, Orthostatic hypotension, Shallow respirations, Spasms Hypernatremia Cause