18. Health, Health Care, and Disability
Health - correct answer ✔✔ as a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being. According to this definition, health involves not only the
absence of disease but also a positive sense of wellness. In other words,
health is a multidimensional phenomenon: It includes physical, social, and
psychological factors.
Health Care - correct answer ✔✔ is any activity intended to improve health.
When people experience illness, they often seek medical attention in hopes of
having their health restored. A vital part of health care is medicine.
Medicine - correct answer ✔✔ an institutionalized system for the scientific
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness.
Life Expectancy - correct answer ✔✔ an estimate of the average lifetime of
people born in a specific year.
Infant Mortality Rate - correct answer ✔✔ is the number of deaths of infants
under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.
Social Epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔ is the study of the causes and
distribution of health, disease, and impairment throughout a population.
Typically, the target of the investigation is disease agents, the environment,
and the human host.
Disease Agents - correct answer ✔✔ include biological agents such as
insects, bacteria, and viruses that carry or cause disease; nutrient agents
such as fats and carbohydrates; chemical agents such as gases and
pollutants in the air; and physical agents such as temperature, humidity, and
radiation.
, The Environment - correct answer ✔✔ includes the physical (geography and
climate), biological (presence or absence of known disease agents), and
social (socioeconomic status, occupation, and location of home)
environments.
The Human Host - correct answer ✔✔ takes into account demographic
factors (age, sex, and race/ethnicity), physical condition, habits and customs,
and lifestyle.
Chronic Disease - correct answer ✔✔ illnesses that are long term or lifelong
and that develop gradually or are present from birth.
Acute Disease - correct answer ✔✔ illnesses that strike suddenly and cause
dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death.
Drug - correct answer ✔✔ is any substance—other than food and water—
that, when taken into the body, alters its functioning in some way. Drugs are
used for either therapeutic or recreational purposes.
Therapeutic Drugs - correct answer ✔✔ use occurs when a person takes a
drug for a specific purpose such as reducing a fever or controlling a cough.
Recreational Drugs - correct answer ✔✔ use occurs when a person takes a
drug for no purpose other than achieving a pleasurable feeling or
psychological state. Alcohol and tobacco are examples of drugs that are
primarily used for recreational purposes; their use by people over a fixed age
(which varies from time to time and place to place) is lawful. Other drugs—
such as some antianxiety drugs or tranquilizers—may be used legally only if
prescribed by a physician for therapeutic use but are frequently used illegally
for recreational purposes.
Health - correct answer ✔✔ as a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being. According to this definition, health involves not only the
absence of disease but also a positive sense of wellness. In other words,
health is a multidimensional phenomenon: It includes physical, social, and
psychological factors.
Health Care - correct answer ✔✔ is any activity intended to improve health.
When people experience illness, they often seek medical attention in hopes of
having their health restored. A vital part of health care is medicine.
Medicine - correct answer ✔✔ an institutionalized system for the scientific
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness.
Life Expectancy - correct answer ✔✔ an estimate of the average lifetime of
people born in a specific year.
Infant Mortality Rate - correct answer ✔✔ is the number of deaths of infants
under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.
Social Epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔ is the study of the causes and
distribution of health, disease, and impairment throughout a population.
Typically, the target of the investigation is disease agents, the environment,
and the human host.
Disease Agents - correct answer ✔✔ include biological agents such as
insects, bacteria, and viruses that carry or cause disease; nutrient agents
such as fats and carbohydrates; chemical agents such as gases and
pollutants in the air; and physical agents such as temperature, humidity, and
radiation.
, The Environment - correct answer ✔✔ includes the physical (geography and
climate), biological (presence or absence of known disease agents), and
social (socioeconomic status, occupation, and location of home)
environments.
The Human Host - correct answer ✔✔ takes into account demographic
factors (age, sex, and race/ethnicity), physical condition, habits and customs,
and lifestyle.
Chronic Disease - correct answer ✔✔ illnesses that are long term or lifelong
and that develop gradually or are present from birth.
Acute Disease - correct answer ✔✔ illnesses that strike suddenly and cause
dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death.
Drug - correct answer ✔✔ is any substance—other than food and water—
that, when taken into the body, alters its functioning in some way. Drugs are
used for either therapeutic or recreational purposes.
Therapeutic Drugs - correct answer ✔✔ use occurs when a person takes a
drug for a specific purpose such as reducing a fever or controlling a cough.
Recreational Drugs - correct answer ✔✔ use occurs when a person takes a
drug for no purpose other than achieving a pleasurable feeling or
psychological state. Alcohol and tobacco are examples of drugs that are
primarily used for recreational purposes; their use by people over a fixed age
(which varies from time to time and place to place) is lawful. Other drugs—
such as some antianxiety drugs or tranquilizers—may be used legally only if
prescribed by a physician for therapeutic use but are frequently used illegally
for recreational purposes.
