BIOD 151 FINAL EXAM- PORTAGE LEARNING QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A+
There are six levels of organization of the body- what are they?
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
The necessary life function that protects our internal environment from our
external environment is provided by what system?
Integumentary system
The function of movement is provided by what system?
Muscular system
The function of responsiveness is provided by what system?
Nervous system
The function of digestion is provided by what system?
Digestive system?
What is anabolism?
making more complex cellular structures from simpler ones
What is catabolism?
breaking down complex cellular structures into simpler ones
Excretion involves what systems?
Urinary, respiratory, digestive
The reproductive system is controlled by what other system?
Endocrine system
Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body?
Epithelial tissue
Name the three steps in cellular respiration
1) glycolysis 2) citric acid cycle 3) electron transport chain
What is the purpose of ATP?
ATP is a very energy rich molecule that powers the cellular activities allowing cells to
carry out their necessary functions
Epithelial cells perform what types of functions?
,Secretion and absorption. These cells are under constant cell division to replace dead
cells that shed away
What are the four basic tissue types?
Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular
Toward or at the surface of the body is known as what direction?
Superficial
Away from the surface of the body is known as what direction?
Deep
Between a more medial and lateral structure is what orientation?
Intermediate
Toward or at the midline of the body or at the inner side of is what direction?
Medial
Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure of the body, is what
direction?
Inferior
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure (above) is what direction?
Superior
Toward or at the front of the body is what direction?
Anterior (ventral)
Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis?
Distal
Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand?
Proximal
Toward or at the back of the body is what direction?
Posterior (dorsal)
Closing of a joint is which action?
Flexion
Opening of a joint is which action?
Extension
In anatomical position, are the hands in supination or pronation?
Supination
, Why are the hands in supination?
Because the bones of the forearm (radius/ulna) are uncrossed in the supinated position
Define depression and elevation
Depression: downward movement of a structure; Elevation: upward movement of a
structure
Define protraction and retraction
Protraction: movement of a structure in the anterior direction; Retraction: movement of a
structure in the posterior direction
Look at the figure of the right elbow. What is the demonstrated action (in the
direction of the arrow)?
Extension
Look at the figure below of the right hand. A person standing in anatomical
position moves their right wrist laterally towards the radius. What is this action
called (towards label A)?
Radial deviation
This body division includes the head, neck, and trunk?
Axial division
This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Sagittal plane
These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
Frontal plane
A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts:
Superior and inferior
These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical
planes.
Oblique
This body cavity protects the nervous system.
Dorsal cavity
This body cavity encases the brain.
Cranial cavity
This cavity encloses the spinal cord.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A+
There are six levels of organization of the body- what are they?
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
The necessary life function that protects our internal environment from our
external environment is provided by what system?
Integumentary system
The function of movement is provided by what system?
Muscular system
The function of responsiveness is provided by what system?
Nervous system
The function of digestion is provided by what system?
Digestive system?
What is anabolism?
making more complex cellular structures from simpler ones
What is catabolism?
breaking down complex cellular structures into simpler ones
Excretion involves what systems?
Urinary, respiratory, digestive
The reproductive system is controlled by what other system?
Endocrine system
Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body?
Epithelial tissue
Name the three steps in cellular respiration
1) glycolysis 2) citric acid cycle 3) electron transport chain
What is the purpose of ATP?
ATP is a very energy rich molecule that powers the cellular activities allowing cells to
carry out their necessary functions
Epithelial cells perform what types of functions?
,Secretion and absorption. These cells are under constant cell division to replace dead
cells that shed away
What are the four basic tissue types?
Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular
Toward or at the surface of the body is known as what direction?
Superficial
Away from the surface of the body is known as what direction?
Deep
Between a more medial and lateral structure is what orientation?
Intermediate
Toward or at the midline of the body or at the inner side of is what direction?
Medial
Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure of the body, is what
direction?
Inferior
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure (above) is what direction?
Superior
Toward or at the front of the body is what direction?
Anterior (ventral)
Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis?
Distal
Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand?
Proximal
Toward or at the back of the body is what direction?
Posterior (dorsal)
Closing of a joint is which action?
Flexion
Opening of a joint is which action?
Extension
In anatomical position, are the hands in supination or pronation?
Supination
, Why are the hands in supination?
Because the bones of the forearm (radius/ulna) are uncrossed in the supinated position
Define depression and elevation
Depression: downward movement of a structure; Elevation: upward movement of a
structure
Define protraction and retraction
Protraction: movement of a structure in the anterior direction; Retraction: movement of a
structure in the posterior direction
Look at the figure of the right elbow. What is the demonstrated action (in the
direction of the arrow)?
Extension
Look at the figure below of the right hand. A person standing in anatomical
position moves their right wrist laterally towards the radius. What is this action
called (towards label A)?
Radial deviation
This body division includes the head, neck, and trunk?
Axial division
This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Sagittal plane
These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
Frontal plane
A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts:
Superior and inferior
These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical
planes.
Oblique
This body cavity protects the nervous system.
Dorsal cavity
This body cavity encases the brain.
Cranial cavity
This cavity encloses the spinal cord.
