Stott Pilates Exam Practice Questions amd Answers Latest 2024/2025 | Graded A+.

Stott Pilates Exam Practice Questions amd Answers Latest 2024/2025 | Graded A+. Superior - Answer- Toward the head (cranial) Inferior - Answer- Toward the feet (caudal) Anterior - Answer- Toward the front of the body (ventral) Posterior - Answer- Toward the back of the body Medial - Answer- Toward the midline of the body Lateral - Answer- Away from the midline of the body Proximal - Answer- (Central) where the appendages joins the body e.g. The forearm is proximal to the hand Distal - Answer- (Peripheral) the point furthest from closer to the centre of the body Superficial - Answer- (External) near the outer surface Deep - Answer- (Internal) near the inner surface Intermediate - Answer- Between 2 other structures Visceral - Answer- Associated with the organs within the body's cavity (inner side) Parietal - Answer- Pertaining to the wall of a body cavity (outside) Prone - Answer- Lying on the stomach, face down Supine - Answer- Lying on the back, face up Side- lying - Answer- Lying on one side Dorsal - Answer- Top surface of the foot, or the back of the body Plantar - Answer- The sole of the foot Palmar - Answer- The palm of the hand Unilateral - Answer- Using only one side of the body, limb or muscle Bilateral - Answer- Using both sides of the body, both limbs or both sides of the muscles eg. Both arms or both legs together Stott Pilates Exam Practice Questions amd Answers Latest 2024/2025 | Graded A+ Ipsilateral - Answer- On the same side as another structure eg. Leg arm on same side Reciprocal - Answer- Inversely related or opposite movement eg. Single leg stretch, scissors, Swimming Contralateral - Answer- Movement of muscular contraction coordinated with the opposite side eg. Left leg and right arm - obliques, rotation Flexion - Answer- Decreasing the angle between 2 body parts Extension - Answer- Increasing the angle between 2 body parts Hyperextension - Answer- Beyond normal extension lateral flexion - Answer- Sideways bending of the head, neck or trunk Rotation - Answer- Rotation if the spine around a central axis Dorsiflexion - Answer- Movement of the dorsal surface of the foot towards the leg, decreasing the angle of the joint Plantar flexion - Answer- Movement of the plantar surface of the foot away from the leg, increasing the angle of the foot Abduction - Answer- Movement of the body part away from the midline of the body Adduction - Answer- Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body Supination - Answer- The radius(thumb) and ulna(little finger) lie parallel to one another, palms face forward Pronation - Answer- The radius crosses over the ulna, turning palm face back Inversion - Answer- The medial border of foot lifts and sole foot face in towards midline. Known as supination as well Eversion - Answer- The lateral aspect of the foot lifts and sole of the foot face away from midline. Known as pronation as well Horizontal flexion or adduction - Answer- From a 90 degree abducted arm position, the arm moves in towards midline of the body Horizontal extension or abduction - Answer- From a 90 degree flexed arm position, the arm moves out away midline of the body Lateral or external rotation - Answer- Rotation of the limb away from the centre of the body Medial or Internal rotation - Answer- Rotation of the limb toward the centre of the body Circumduction - Answer- A circular movement that results from a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and medial and lateral rotation. It occurs only at the shoulder and hip joints. Downward rotation - Answer- Movement in which the inferior angle moves medially Upward rotation - Answer- Movement in which the inferior angle moves laterally Elevation - Answer- Gliding movement of the scapula cranially eg. Shrugging shoulders Depression - Answer- Gliding movement of the scapula caudally Protraction or Abduction - Answer- Combination of movement including a suction and scapula moving anteriorly on the rib cage , Gliding movement of the scapula toward the vertebral column Retraction or Adduction - Answer- Combination of movement including adduction and scapula moving posteriorly on the rib cage, Gliding movement of the scapula away from the vertebral column Gliding joints - Answer- One bony surface glides on another without angular or rotary movement eg. Wrist, ankles, spine (intervertebral discs) Angular joints - Answer- Occurs only between Long bones, increasing and decreasing the angle between the bones eg. Shoulders, elbows, hips and knees Rotation joints - Answer- A bone moves about a central axis without moving from this axis eg. Shoulder and hip Sagittal or median plane - Answer- Parallel to sagittal surture of the skull; runs from the front to back and divides the body into right and left halves eg. Flexion of hip, extension of spine, flexion of shoulder