MedSurg324 Cardiovascular Chapter 30 and #1 Exam Questions With Verified Solutions

MedSurg324 Cardiovascular Chapter 30 and #1 Exam Questions With Verified Solutions Non modifiable factors of CAD - answerGender Age Ethnic Family history/genetics Women (nonspecific noncardiac symptoms) modifiable factors of CAD - answerSmoking sedentary lifestyle/nutrition Social history Psychosocial history Cardiac assessment (subjective and objective) - answersubjective: visual assessment objective: head to toe, psychosocial assessments subjective symptoms of cardiovascular - answerRestless/anxious Dyspnea/tachypnea Cardiac: holding chest Skin, perfusion objective symptoms of cardiovascular - answerFull vital signs Respiratory assessment (crackles) Heart tones- abnormality or JVD Chest discomfort Dizziness/syncope Palpitations- capillary refill Pulses- strength, rate, deficit Renal- urine output cardiovascular changes with age - answerCardiac perfusion is compromised - Assess BP, dizziness, and postural hypotension Cardiac valve calcification (wear and tear) -Assess HR and rhythm -Murmurs Conduction system - ECG changes (80% have PVC) - Bradycardia Left ventricle - Hypertrophy and stiff - Decreased cardiac output Aorta/large arterial vessels - Vessels thicken/stiff (hypertrophy) - Assess BP, pulses, and SOB What is the cardiac #1 priority lab - answerfluid and electrolyte imbalances Cardiac specific labs - answerFluid and electrolyte imbalances -Increase or decrease potassium, decrease calcium, decrease magnesium Serum lipids - Cholesterol, HDL/LDL, triglycerides Cardiac enzymes (injury or ischemia AMI CH. 35) - Troponin I0.03 BNP - Normal 100pg/ml or ng/L (heart failure CH. 32) D- dimer - Normal 0.50 ug/ml (pulmonary embolus-DVT (CH.33) normal troponin - answerTroponin I0.03 normal bnp - answerNormal 100pg/ml or ng/L non invasive diagnostic testing for cardiovascular patients - answerStat ECG and Chest x-ray