CHEM527 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
What does a nucleotide consist of?
- ✔✔Pentose, base, and phosphate
What does a nucleoside consist of? - ✔✔ base and pentose, no phosphate
Explain structure and numbering of pyrimidines - ✔✔
C, T, and U,,, numbered clockwise A and G,, numbered CCW
Explain structure and numbering of purines - ✔✔
anomeric carbon of pentose
N1 for pyrimidines
Where the N-B-glycosidic bond forms - ✔✔N9 for purines
What 3 factors increase melting temperature of DNA in PCR amplification? -
✔✔Long DNA segments
High CG content
High salinity
, reverse transcription - ✔✔synthesis of DNA from an RNA template by viruses
Mitochondiral DNA - ✔✔Genetic material found in the cell's mitochondria rather
than in the nucleus,,, has its own separate and independent DNA from the nucleus
1.5 - ✔✔Only _______% of the total genome encodes for proteins (rest is used
for regulation of gene expression or is junk)
DNA-only transposons - ✔✔Type of transposable element that exists as DNA
throughout its life cycle. Many types move by cut-and-paste transposition
LINEs and SINEs - ✔✔Long interspersed elements and short interspersed
elements that invade new genomic sites using RNA intermediates
Retroviral elements - ✔✔mostly non-functional
some can still become RNA, to cDNA and integrated into genome
Introns are very long sequences of base pairs,, exons are very small and only
account for 1.5% of all of the DNA in your body. - ✔✔Explain introns and exons
in a gene
COMPLETE ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
What does a nucleotide consist of?
- ✔✔Pentose, base, and phosphate
What does a nucleoside consist of? - ✔✔ base and pentose, no phosphate
Explain structure and numbering of pyrimidines - ✔✔
C, T, and U,,, numbered clockwise A and G,, numbered CCW
Explain structure and numbering of purines - ✔✔
anomeric carbon of pentose
N1 for pyrimidines
Where the N-B-glycosidic bond forms - ✔✔N9 for purines
What 3 factors increase melting temperature of DNA in PCR amplification? -
✔✔Long DNA segments
High CG content
High salinity
, reverse transcription - ✔✔synthesis of DNA from an RNA template by viruses
Mitochondiral DNA - ✔✔Genetic material found in the cell's mitochondria rather
than in the nucleus,,, has its own separate and independent DNA from the nucleus
1.5 - ✔✔Only _______% of the total genome encodes for proteins (rest is used
for regulation of gene expression or is junk)
DNA-only transposons - ✔✔Type of transposable element that exists as DNA
throughout its life cycle. Many types move by cut-and-paste transposition
LINEs and SINEs - ✔✔Long interspersed elements and short interspersed
elements that invade new genomic sites using RNA intermediates
Retroviral elements - ✔✔mostly non-functional
some can still become RNA, to cDNA and integrated into genome
Introns are very long sequences of base pairs,, exons are very small and only
account for 1.5% of all of the DNA in your body. - ✔✔Explain introns and exons
in a gene
