UIC NUEL 250 midterm Questions with 100 % correct answers | verified

Three broad dimensions, or domains, of development & why are they studied separately? - Answer-1. Biological 2. Cognitive 3. Personal-social -studied separately because development doesn't necessarily advance simultaneously on all fronts (thinking, problem solving, social behavior can all occur at different stages) -domains are not independent but rather interrelated According the 6 tenets of lifespan Perspective Development is: - Answer-• A life long process • Multidimensional & multidirectional • A process that shows plasticity • An interactive process • Contextual • A multidisciplinary field of study Plasticity - Answer-Refers to the ability of the brain to be shaped or reshaped by experience (environmental input) The individual and his/her environment form a system Influence is bi-directional ("reciprocal"); the environment influences the individual's development, but the individual influences environmental processes as well Contextual - Answer-includes a person's: - Biological makeup - Physical environment - Cognitive (thought) processes - Historical contexts - Social contexts- Cultural context • The individual continually responds to and acts on these contexts -Shared context make people alike non shared make people more diverse continuity veres discontinuity - Answer-Development of Species Refers to whether development proceeds as gradual, cumulative change or if it has set distinct stages -applies to how all of that given species develop (in general) stability vs change - Answer-Development of individuals refers to degree to which individuals become older renditions of their earlier selves or do they develop into someone different from who they were at an earlier age Critical period - Answer-specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences -occur when presence of certain developmental stimuli is necessary for development to proceed normally (absence of stimuli could be harmful) Sensitive period - Answer-Point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environment but absence does not always produce irreversible consequences Multidimensional & multidirectional - Answer--leads to individual diversity as development occurs -involves gains and loses at all points in development Sources of Influence That Make Individuals More or Less Like Each Other Each Other (3) explain each - Answer-• Normative age-graded influences are biological and environmental influences that are similar for persons in an age group • Normative history-graded influences are common to people of a particular generation because of the historical circumstances they experience (ex: baby boomers) • Non-normative life events are unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual but usually are not applicable to many people (diabetes, disabled)Normative age-graded influences - Answer-Biological and environmental influences that are similar for persons in an age group (Facebook, twitter, Instagram) Normative history-graded influences - Answer-Common to people of a particular generation because of the historical circumstances they experience (ex: baby boomers) Non-Normative life events- - Answer-Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual but usually are not applicable to many people (diabetes, disabled) Nature vs. Nurture - Answer--refers to debate about which is more important in determining development genes or environment -impossible to say which has greater effect on development -interaction of genetic and environmental factors is complex, because certain genetically determined traits have not only a direct influence on behavior but also an indirect influence on shaping environment -scientists think the question "how do nature and nurture interact?" is more interesting than which is more important what Theory does and DOES NOT mean: - Answer-DOES mean: 1.Which facts are most important for understanding a phenomenon (often vary in scope, sometimes specific sometimes broad) *relationships among these facts* are most significant for understanding phenomenon does NOT mean: 1. It does not mean mere "speculation" as it is used in everyday language