2ND SEM (S.Y. 2023-2024)
ORG Organic Compounds and the Atomic
MOL
LEC 01
Properties of Carbon
Bonding Properties of Carbon Comparison of Carbon and Silicon
Carbon forms covalent bonds in all its As atomic size increases down the group,
elemental forms. bonds between identical atoms become
Ground state configuration of C (Carbon) is longer, and weaker.
[He] 2s^2 2p^2. Formation of Carbon ions is A C - C bond is much stronger than a Si - Si
energetically unfavorable. bond.
Bond energies of a C - C bond, C - O bond, and
a C - Cl bond are very similar.
C compounds can undergo a variety of
reactions and remain stable while. Si
compounds cannot.
Carbon has an electronegativity of 2.5 . Si has low energy d orbitals available for
Midway between most metals and nonmetals. reaction, allowing Si compounds to be more
It prefers to share its electrons. reactive than C compounds.
Carbon exhibit catenation the ability to bond
to itself and form stable chain, ring, and
branched compounds.
Small size of the C atom allows it to form
short, strong bonds. The tetrahedral shape of
the atom allows catenation.
Diversity and Reactivity of Organic
Molecules
Many organic compounds contain
heteroatoms. Atoms other than C or H.
Most common of these are O, N, and the
halogens.
, 2ND SEM (S.Y. 2023-2024)
ORG Organic Compounds and the Atomic
MOL
LEC 01
Properties of Carbon
Many organic compounds contain
heteroatoms. Atoms other than C or H.
Most common of these are O, N, and the
halogens.
Heteroatoms such as oxygen and nitrogen are
more electronegative than carbon, so when a
carbon atom gains a bond to a heteroatom, it
loses electron density and is thus being
oxidized.
Most reactions involve the interaction of
electron rich area in one molecule with an
electron poor site in another.
C - C bond and C - H bond tend to be
unreactive.
The C-C bond is nonpolar, meaning there are
no significant positive or negative charges on
the carbon atoms. As a result, there are no
regions in the molecule that can attract other
molecules or ions.
Bonds between C and a heteroatom are
usually polar creating an imbalance in
electron density and providing a site for
reactions to occur.
ORG Organic Compounds and the Atomic
MOL
LEC 01
Properties of Carbon
Bonding Properties of Carbon Comparison of Carbon and Silicon
Carbon forms covalent bonds in all its As atomic size increases down the group,
elemental forms. bonds between identical atoms become
Ground state configuration of C (Carbon) is longer, and weaker.
[He] 2s^2 2p^2. Formation of Carbon ions is A C - C bond is much stronger than a Si - Si
energetically unfavorable. bond.
Bond energies of a C - C bond, C - O bond, and
a C - Cl bond are very similar.
C compounds can undergo a variety of
reactions and remain stable while. Si
compounds cannot.
Carbon has an electronegativity of 2.5 . Si has low energy d orbitals available for
Midway between most metals and nonmetals. reaction, allowing Si compounds to be more
It prefers to share its electrons. reactive than C compounds.
Carbon exhibit catenation the ability to bond
to itself and form stable chain, ring, and
branched compounds.
Small size of the C atom allows it to form
short, strong bonds. The tetrahedral shape of
the atom allows catenation.
Diversity and Reactivity of Organic
Molecules
Many organic compounds contain
heteroatoms. Atoms other than C or H.
Most common of these are O, N, and the
halogens.
, 2ND SEM (S.Y. 2023-2024)
ORG Organic Compounds and the Atomic
MOL
LEC 01
Properties of Carbon
Many organic compounds contain
heteroatoms. Atoms other than C or H.
Most common of these are O, N, and the
halogens.
Heteroatoms such as oxygen and nitrogen are
more electronegative than carbon, so when a
carbon atom gains a bond to a heteroatom, it
loses electron density and is thus being
oxidized.
Most reactions involve the interaction of
electron rich area in one molecule with an
electron poor site in another.
C - C bond and C - H bond tend to be
unreactive.
The C-C bond is nonpolar, meaning there are
no significant positive or negative charges on
the carbon atoms. As a result, there are no
regions in the molecule that can attract other
molecules or ions.
Bonds between C and a heteroatom are
usually polar creating an imbalance in
electron density and providing a site for
reactions to occur.
