Review Guide Exam for APUSH State Certification Questions and Answers 2024/2025

Review Guide Exam for APUSH State Certification Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Separatist vs. non Separatist Puritans - CORRECT ANSWER-Radical Calvinists against the Church of England; Separatists (Pilgrims) argued for a break from the Church of England, led the Mayflower, and established the settlement at Plymouth Northwest Passage - CORRECT ANSWER-believed to provide shortcut from Atlantic to Pacific, searched for by Giovanni de Verrazano for Francis I in the race to Asian wealth Conversion Experience - CORRECT ANSWER-required of members of the Puritan Church; took the place of baptism required by the Catholic Church Social Reciprocity - CORRECT ANSWER-society naturally punishes criminal sin discriminately Church of England - CORRECT ANSWER-Protestant church led by the king of England, independent of Catholic Church; tended toward Catholicism during reign of Catholic royalty Atlantic slave trade - CORRECT ANSWER-often debtors sold to slave traders by African kings seeking riches; Columbian Exchange Jamestown - CORRECT ANSWER-first permanent English settlement in the Americas (1607), along James River John Smith - CORRECT ANSWER-introduced work ethic to Jamestown colony, sanitation, diplomat to local Native American tribes; had fought Spanish and Turks Pocahontas - CORRECT ANSWER-key to English-Native American relationship, died in England in 1617 Mayflower Compact - CORRECT ANSWER-foundation for self-government laid out by the first Massachusetts settlers before arriving on land John Winthrop - CORRECT ANSWER-Calvinist, devised concept of "city on a hill" ("A Model of Christian Charity"); founded highly successful towns in Massachusetts Bay "City on a Hill" - CORRECT ANSWER-exemplary Christian community, rich to show charity, held to Calvinistic beliefs Indentured servants - CORRECT ANSWER-settlers to pay the expenses of a servant's voyage and be granted land for each person they brought over; head right system Maryland Act of Religious Toleration (1649) - CORRECT ANSWER-mandated the toleration of all Christian denominations in Maryland, even though Maryland was founded for Catholics (but majority was protestant) James I, Charles I - CORRECT ANSWER-reluctant to give colonists their own government, preferred to appoint royal governors William Penn and the Quakers - CORRECT ANSWER-settled in Pennsylvania, believed the "Inner Light" could speak through any person and ran religious services without ministers Roger Williams - CORRECT ANSWER-challenged New Englanders to completely separate Church from State, as the State would corrupt the church Anne Hutchinson - CORRECT ANSWER-challenged New England Calvinist ministers' authority, as they taught the good works for salvation of Catholicism The Half-Way Covenant - CORRECT ANSWER-New Englanders who did not wish to relate their conversion experiences could become half-way saints so that their children would be able to have the opportunity to be saints Bacon's Rebellion - CORRECT ANSWER-rebels felt the governor of Virginia failed to protect the frontier from the Native Americans Navigation Acts - CORRECT ANSWER-only English and American ships allowed to colonial ports; dissent began in 1763 Mercantilism - CORRECT ANSWER-ensured trade with mother country, nationalism; too restrictive on colonial economy, not voted on by colonists Charles II, James II - CORRECT ANSWER-tried to rule as absolute monarchs without using Parliament, little to no sympathy for colonial legislatures William and Mary - CORRECT ANSWER-ended the Dominion of New England, gave power back to colonies Dominion of New England - CORRECT ANSWER-combined Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Plymouth (and later Jersey and New York) into one "super colony" governed by Sir Edmond Andros, a "super governor" The Glorious Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-William and Mary kicked James II out of England (exiled into France), allowed more power to the legislatures James Oglethorpe - CORRECT ANSWER-established colony of Georgia as a place for honest debtors The Enlightenment - CORRECT ANSWER-emphasis on human reason, logic, and science (acquired, not nascent, knowledge); increased followers of Christianity Benjamin Franklin - CORRECT ANSWER-connected the colonies to Britain, opposed to unnecessary unfair taxation; strong influence on Albany Plan The Great Awakening - CORRECT ANSWER-began by Edwards to return to Puritanism, increased overall religious involvement, gave women more active roles in religion, more and more ministers sprouted up throughout the country; mainly affected towns and cities Deists - CORRECT ANSWER-believed that God created the universe to act through natural laws; Franklin, Jefferson, Paine George Whitefield - CORRECT ANSWER-powerful speaker, toured the country and inspired many into Christianity Jonathan Edwards - CORRECT ANSWER-Puritan minist