NURS 230 Exam 1 Questions With Answers
What are the four stages of infection?
1. Incubation period
2. Prodromal stage
3. Full stage of illness
4. Convalescent period
IPFC
stage of infection
after pathogen invades body but before symptoms
incubation
stage of infection
vague and nonspecific signs of disease
prodromal stage
stage of infection
presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease
full stage of illness
stage of infection
recovery from infection
convalescent period
What are the LOCAL signs of infection?
1. redness
2. edema
3. warmth
4. pain
5. loss of function
6. drainage
What are the SYSTEMIC signs of infection?
1. fever
2. increased HR and RR
3. chills/diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
4. malaise (discomfort) / fatigue (tiredness)
5. elevated WBC (> 10,000)
this type of infection is acquired while in the healthcare setting
also known as nosocomial infections
costly
,impacts include: delayed recovery, longer hospital stays, permanent disability, death
common sites include: urinary tract, wounds, respiratory tract, bloodstream
best prevention = HAND HYGIENE
health care associated infection (HAI)
this is known as the "clean" technique
practices to reduce the number and spread of pathogens
instances:
1. hand hygiene
2. keep nails short, no artificial nails
3. wear PPE as indicated
4. change linens - do not shake or place on floor
5. clean floors, room surfaces
6. biohazard bags, containers
7. clean from least soiled to more soiled
medical asepsis
this is known as the "sterile" technique
practices to ELIMINATE all microorganisms from an object or area
instances:
1. avoid staff or patient coughing/sneezing/talking over sterile field
2. touch sterile materials only with sterile gloves
3. do not reach across or turn back on sterile field
4. one-inch border around sterile field considered non-sterile; discard any item that comes in contact
with border
5. all items above waist-level
surgical asepsis
what are the five moments for hand hygiene?
1. before touching a patient
2. before clean/aseptic procedure
3. after body fluid exposure risk
4. after touching a patient
5. after touching patients surroundings
you must use the ______ and _______ method of hand hygiene when hands are visibly soiled or
contaminated with blood/body fluids
1. rub hands vigorously for 15-20 seconds using soap and friction
2. rinse under running water
3. turn off faucet with towel
soap and water
*other method --> alcohol based until hands are dry**
, type of precaution --> used for ALL patients
1. applies to ALL body fluids (except sweat), non-intact skin, and mucous membranes
2. protects patient, nurse, and other patients
interventions include:
1. hand hygiene
2. clean gloves when touching all body fluids, non-intact skin, mucous membranes, contaminated
equipment and articles
3. remove gloves and complete hand hygiene between each client
4. mask, eye protection, face shield when splashing may occur
5. properly clean equipment, bag laundry
6. needle safety
standard precautions
type of precaution --> standard PLUS additional level of precaution
CLIENT SPECIFIC based on SPECIFIC PATHOGEN
also know as isolation precautions
requires private room
wear PPE upon entry, remove prior to leaving environment, hand hygiene
transmission precautions
what are the three different types of transmission precautions?
1. contact
2. droplet
3. airborne
used for known or suspected contagious disease
examples: multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs), draining wounds, enteric diseases (stomach),
scabies, herpes simplex
PPE required: gown and gloves
limit movement of patient out of the room, avoid sharing patient-care equipment
contact precautions
infections spread by large-particle droplets
examples: influenza, rubella, mumps
transport patient out of room only when necessary; place surgical mask on patient
may have room to door open
PPE required: surgical mask
droplet precautions
What are the four stages of infection?
1. Incubation period
2. Prodromal stage
3. Full stage of illness
4. Convalescent period
IPFC
stage of infection
after pathogen invades body but before symptoms
incubation
stage of infection
vague and nonspecific signs of disease
prodromal stage
stage of infection
presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease
full stage of illness
stage of infection
recovery from infection
convalescent period
What are the LOCAL signs of infection?
1. redness
2. edema
3. warmth
4. pain
5. loss of function
6. drainage
What are the SYSTEMIC signs of infection?
1. fever
2. increased HR and RR
3. chills/diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
4. malaise (discomfort) / fatigue (tiredness)
5. elevated WBC (> 10,000)
this type of infection is acquired while in the healthcare setting
also known as nosocomial infections
costly
,impacts include: delayed recovery, longer hospital stays, permanent disability, death
common sites include: urinary tract, wounds, respiratory tract, bloodstream
best prevention = HAND HYGIENE
health care associated infection (HAI)
this is known as the "clean" technique
practices to reduce the number and spread of pathogens
instances:
1. hand hygiene
2. keep nails short, no artificial nails
3. wear PPE as indicated
4. change linens - do not shake or place on floor
5. clean floors, room surfaces
6. biohazard bags, containers
7. clean from least soiled to more soiled
medical asepsis
this is known as the "sterile" technique
practices to ELIMINATE all microorganisms from an object or area
instances:
1. avoid staff or patient coughing/sneezing/talking over sterile field
2. touch sterile materials only with sterile gloves
3. do not reach across or turn back on sterile field
4. one-inch border around sterile field considered non-sterile; discard any item that comes in contact
with border
5. all items above waist-level
surgical asepsis
what are the five moments for hand hygiene?
1. before touching a patient
2. before clean/aseptic procedure
3. after body fluid exposure risk
4. after touching a patient
5. after touching patients surroundings
you must use the ______ and _______ method of hand hygiene when hands are visibly soiled or
contaminated with blood/body fluids
1. rub hands vigorously for 15-20 seconds using soap and friction
2. rinse under running water
3. turn off faucet with towel
soap and water
*other method --> alcohol based until hands are dry**
, type of precaution --> used for ALL patients
1. applies to ALL body fluids (except sweat), non-intact skin, and mucous membranes
2. protects patient, nurse, and other patients
interventions include:
1. hand hygiene
2. clean gloves when touching all body fluids, non-intact skin, mucous membranes, contaminated
equipment and articles
3. remove gloves and complete hand hygiene between each client
4. mask, eye protection, face shield when splashing may occur
5. properly clean equipment, bag laundry
6. needle safety
standard precautions
type of precaution --> standard PLUS additional level of precaution
CLIENT SPECIFIC based on SPECIFIC PATHOGEN
also know as isolation precautions
requires private room
wear PPE upon entry, remove prior to leaving environment, hand hygiene
transmission precautions
what are the three different types of transmission precautions?
1. contact
2. droplet
3. airborne
used for known or suspected contagious disease
examples: multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs), draining wounds, enteric diseases (stomach),
scabies, herpes simplex
PPE required: gown and gloves
limit movement of patient out of the room, avoid sharing patient-care equipment
contact precautions
infections spread by large-particle droplets
examples: influenza, rubella, mumps
transport patient out of room only when necessary; place surgical mask on patient
may have room to door open
PPE required: surgical mask
droplet precautions
