STC 262 Final Exam (MU) || A+ Verified Solutions.

Nominal correct answers Variables that name various groups or categories, but don't have an inherent numeric value (least precise). Nominal examples correct answers Political party affiliation, gender, continent, etc. Ordinal correct answers Variable has values that are ranked in order and can have different amount of space between them. Ordinal examples correct answers Examples: socioeconomic status, Olympic medals, race, rankings (most frequent to least frequent). Interval correct answers The values are ranked and also have an equal distance in between each other but 0 is not an option. Interval Examples correct answers Example: IQ, Temperature, time of day (agree/disagree). Ratio correct answers Values are ranked, have equal distance and 0 is meaningful (most precise level of measurement) Ratio examples correct answers income, hours watching TV, # of siblings, weight, height Measurement Reliability correct answers Multiple measures of something and you want to see how they work in agreement (consistency). Ways to improve reliability correct answers Administration of the test: uniform/standard admin Item construction: conduct and choose better items (internally consistent scales). Measurement Validity correct answers Evaluation of congruence between the conceptual and operational definitions. Are you measuring what you wanted to? (accuracy). Stability correct answers Consistency of a measure at different points in time when administered to the same participants (Type of Reliability). Limitations: initial administration influences second one. Measured construct could change from time 1 to time 2. Internal consistency correct answers Consistency of performance among the items that constitute a scale. Commonly reported measure of scalar reliability is Cronbach's alpha (Type of Reliability). Face validity correct answers You use your own judgment to decide whether a measurement makes sense/seems logical. Example: measuring math ability with a test that has math problems. Predictive validity correct answers Checking a measurement instrument against some future outcome. Example: higher ACT scores predict a higher college GPA.