INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Group 1A (Alkali Metals)

BS PHARMACY | INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE
Group Properties of Elements
Instructor: Ms. Krishally Joy Patalinjug
Prepared by: Shayne Albano



GROUP 1A: Alkali Metals Industrial Uses:
→ HLiNaKRbCsFr
a. Haber Process
 Hydrogen
= process for production of NH4+
 Lithium
b. Hydrogenation of oils
 Sodium
= to produce margarine
 Potassium
c. Inflating balloons (non-therapeutic effect)
 Rubidium
 Cesium
Three Isotopes:
 Francium

Chemical properties:
 univalent
 +1 Oxidation State
 large atoms
 most reactive (activity , alkalinity with atomic
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2)
#)
→ AKA: Agua oxigenada; agua oxenada;
 degree of solution with atomic #
oxygenated water;
 from hydroxides that are strongly basic
→ oxygenated acids
(alkaline), except LiOH
Common Use:
 never found free state in nature
 Antiseptic; treatment for Vincent’s stomatitis
(severe form of gingivitis), as mouthwash
Cosmetic Use:
 bleaching hair

Commercial Availability:
10-volume solution – 3%
20-volume solution – 6%
100-volume solution – 30%
– Hydrogen Peroxide Topical Solution, USP
 metal oxides are basic, whereas nonmetals
 10-volume solution – 3%
are acidic
 Stabilizer: Acetanilide
 salts of alkali metals are water-soluble, except
LiF, Li2CO3, and Li3PO4
WATER
→ universal solvent
→ omnipressent
HYDROGEN
→ ligand; acid or base; oxidizing reducing
→ inflammable air or flammable air
agent
→ discovered by Cavendish
→ lightest element
Types of water:
→ most abundant element in the universe
 Water of Crystallization
→ Water (H2O) is an important compound of
– water associated when crystals
Hydrogen
precipitate from aqueous solution
→ Has NO THERAPEUTIC USE
 Water of Hydration
– water associated with cations and/ or
Production Method:
anions of a salt or crystals
Messerschmidt process
 Zeolitic Water
→ can obtain 99% purity hydrogen
– physically held water
 Lattice Water


BSPHARMACY1A 1

, BS PHARMACY | INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE
Group Properties of Elements
Instructor: Ms. Krishally Joy Patalinjug
Prepared by: Shayne Albano


– water coordinated in cationic complex or USE: solvent for large-scale
held in definite lattice structure of the manufacturing of parenteral
crystals products

NATURAL or MINERAL WATERS
→ contains dissolved materials such as 3. Sterile WFI
suspended particles, dissolved → clear, colorless, odorless liquid;
atmospheric gases and metabolic water for parenterals; sterilized;
decomposition products contains no antimicrobial agent or
other substances
1. Alkaline Water USE: for extemporanous compounding
– Na2SO4 and MgSO4 with NaHCO3 of parenteral products
2. Carbonated Water
– has been charged with CO2 under 4. Bacteriostatic Water for Injection
pressure → SWFI containing one or more
3. Chalybeate Water suitable antimicrobial agents (eg.
– contains Fe in solution or suspension, benzyl alcohol)
characterized by ferrigenous taste USE: sterile vehicle for parenteral
4. Lithia Water preparation (Not for IV)
– occurs in a form of carbonate or chloride
5. Saline Water 5. Sterile Water for Irrigation
– “purgative waters” → clear, colorless, odorless liquid;
– contain large amounts of MgSO4 and Na2 water for injection that has been
SO4 with NaCl sterilized, contains no antimicrobial
6. Sulfur Water agent or other substance
– contain H2S and deposits S upon USE: an irrigating solution
exposure to atmosphere Labeled with: FOR IRRIGATION ONLY
7. Siliceous Water and NOT FOR INJECTION
– contain very small amounts of soluble alkali
silicates 6. Sterile Water for Inhalation

Water Hardness: WATER VAPOR
 Temporary Hardness → Use: best expectorant
– contains mainly dissolved Ca and Mg
bicarbonate
– can be removed by boiling LITHIUM
 Permanent hardness → “earth”
– contains mainly dissolved Ca and Mg → lithos”means “stone”.
sulfate & chloride in water → lightest of all metal
– Can be removed via ion-exchange → lowest density
resin → stored under oil or coated with
petrolatum
Official USP of Water: → the only alkali metal that melts above the
1. Purified Water boiling point of water
2. Water for Injection → bridge element (Li resembles Mg)
→ clear, colorless, odorless liquid;
purified by distillation or reverse Pharmacologic Action:
osmosis and contains no added  Depressant
substances  Diuretic
SE: Ebstein’s anomaly (tetratogenic effect)
BSPHARMACY1A 2