AP Biology Multiple Choice Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+

AP Biology Multiple Choice Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+ 57. Five new species of bacteria were discovered in Antarctic ice core samples. The nucleotide (base) sequences of rRNA subunits were determined for the new species. The table below shows the number of nucleotide differences between the species. Which of the following phylogenetic trees is most consistent with the data? C) A common laboratory investigation involves putting a solution of starch and glucose into a dialysis bag and suspending the bag in a beaker of water, as shown in the figure below. The investigation is aimed at understanding how molecular size affects movement through a membrane. Which of the following best represents the amount of starch, water, and glucose in the dialysis bag over the course of the investigation? A) A group of mice was released into a large field to which no other mice had access. Immediately after the release, a representative sample of the mice was captured, and the fur color of each individual in the sample was observed and recorded. The mice were then returned to the field. After twenty years, another representative sample of the mice was captured, and the fur color of each individual in the sample was again recorded. Which of the following best explains the change in the frequency distribution of fur color phenotypes in the mouse population, as shown in the figures above? A) The allele for gray fur color is unstable, and over twenty years most of those alleles mutated to become alleles for black fur. B) The field was composed primarily of light-colored soil and little vegetation, affording gray mice protection from predators. C) Sexual selection led to increased mating frequency of black and brown versus gr B) The field was composed primarily of light-colored soil and little vegetation, affording gray mice A researcher is investigating the relationship between the existing species diversity in a community and the ability of an introduced nonnative species to destabilize the community. Which of the following graphs is most consistent with the claim that communities with high diversity are more resistant to change than are communities with low diversity? D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is important in maintaining homeostasis in mammals. ADH is released from the hypothalamus in response to high tissue osmolarity. In response to ADH, the collecting duct and distal tubule in the kidney become more permeable to water, which increases water reabsorption into the capillaries. The amount of hormone released is controlled by a negative feedback loop. Based on the model presented, which of the following statements expresses the proper relationship between osmolarity, ADH release, and urine production? A) As tissue osmolarity rises, more ADH is released, causing less water to be excreted as urine B) As tissue osmolarity rises, less ADH is released, causing less water to be excreted as urine C) As tissue osmolarity rises, more ADH is released, causing more water to be excreted as urine D) As tissue osmolarity rises, less ADH is released, causing more water to be excreted as urine. A) As tissue osmolarity rises, more ADH is released, causing less water to be excreted as urine Arctic foxes typically have a white coat in the winter. In summer, when there is no snow on the ground, the foxes typically have a darker coat. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the seasonal change in coat color? A) The decrease in the amount of daylight in winter causes a change in gene expression, which results in the foxes growing a lighterappearing coat. B) The diet of the foxes in summer lacks a particular nutrient, which causes the foxes to lose their white coat and grow a darker colored coat. C) Competition for mates in the spring causes each fox to increase its camouflage with the environment by producing a darkerappearing coat. D) The lower temperatures in winter denature the pigment molecules in the arctic fox coat, causing the coat to become lighter in color. A) The decrease in the amount of daylight in winter causes a change in gene expression,