BIOD 151- Module 5 Questions and Correct
Answers, With Complete Solution, Updated 2024.
Why do the muscular and skeletal systems work together?
To provide movement for the human body
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac
Characteristics of skeletal muscles
1. Must have blood and nervous supply to provide movement
2. Are under conscious control
Conscious control
a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action
How does communication throughout the body tell a muscle to move?
Peripheral nerves carry the signal from the central nervous system (brain and spinal
chord) to a specific muscle destination
Motor actions
Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle
Sensation or sensory input
When nerves carry information from the external environment to the central nervous
system
Tendons
Connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone
Characteristics of tendons
flexible, can bend at the joints and help cushion against sudden movement
Ligaments
Connective tissue that connects bone to bone helping to stabilize joints
What are the 3 components of a skeletal muscle?
Origin, insertion and action
Origin
The bony site of attachment that is stationary during movement
Insertion
The bony site of attachment that is moved by the muscle contraction
Action
The effect that is produced by the muscle contraction
Innervation
The peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with a message from the brain
How many pairs of cranial nerves originate on the ventral surface of the brain?
12
Orbicularis oculi
Action: eye closure, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Orbicular oris
Action: Mouth closure- closes lips, protrudes lips forward, presses lips against teeth
Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Zygomaticus major/minor
, Action: pull corners of lips upward, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Risorius
Action: pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grin or grimace), Innervation: Facial
nerve (CN VII)
Frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
Action: Raise eyebrows, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Buccinator
Action: compress cheeks, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Masseter
Action: Jaw closure, Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch)
Temporalis
Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaw, Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular
branch)
Agonist
The muscle that contract as the primary movement in a pair
Antagonist
The muscle that moves secondarily to relax the contracted muscle
Lateral flexion of the head/neck
Moving one of the ears to the same side shoulder
Neck flexion
Moving the chin towards the sternum
Bilaterally
both sides
Unilaterally
Performed in a one-sided manner
Semispinalis Capitis
Origin: Articular processes of inferior cervical and transverse process of superior
thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: Bilateral extend head, unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side
Innervation: Spinal nerves
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
Insertion: Mastoid region of skull
Action: Bilateral: neck flection, Unilateral: turns face to opposite side
Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)
Splenius Capitis
Origin: Spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Mastoid process, occipital bone of skull
Action: Bilateral: extend head, Unilateral: Laterally flexes neck to same side
Innervation: Cervial spinal nerves
Longissimus Cervicis
Origin: Transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Transverse process of middle and superior cervical vertebrae
Action: Bilateral: extend head, Unilateral: Laterally flexes neck to same side
Innervation: Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
Answers, With Complete Solution, Updated 2024.
Why do the muscular and skeletal systems work together?
To provide movement for the human body
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac
Characteristics of skeletal muscles
1. Must have blood and nervous supply to provide movement
2. Are under conscious control
Conscious control
a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action
How does communication throughout the body tell a muscle to move?
Peripheral nerves carry the signal from the central nervous system (brain and spinal
chord) to a specific muscle destination
Motor actions
Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle
Sensation or sensory input
When nerves carry information from the external environment to the central nervous
system
Tendons
Connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone
Characteristics of tendons
flexible, can bend at the joints and help cushion against sudden movement
Ligaments
Connective tissue that connects bone to bone helping to stabilize joints
What are the 3 components of a skeletal muscle?
Origin, insertion and action
Origin
The bony site of attachment that is stationary during movement
Insertion
The bony site of attachment that is moved by the muscle contraction
Action
The effect that is produced by the muscle contraction
Innervation
The peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with a message from the brain
How many pairs of cranial nerves originate on the ventral surface of the brain?
12
Orbicularis oculi
Action: eye closure, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Orbicular oris
Action: Mouth closure- closes lips, protrudes lips forward, presses lips against teeth
Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Zygomaticus major/minor
, Action: pull corners of lips upward, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Risorius
Action: pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grin or grimace), Innervation: Facial
nerve (CN VII)
Frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
Action: Raise eyebrows, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Buccinator
Action: compress cheeks, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
Masseter
Action: Jaw closure, Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch)
Temporalis
Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaw, Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular
branch)
Agonist
The muscle that contract as the primary movement in a pair
Antagonist
The muscle that moves secondarily to relax the contracted muscle
Lateral flexion of the head/neck
Moving one of the ears to the same side shoulder
Neck flexion
Moving the chin towards the sternum
Bilaterally
both sides
Unilaterally
Performed in a one-sided manner
Semispinalis Capitis
Origin: Articular processes of inferior cervical and transverse process of superior
thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: Bilateral extend head, unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side
Innervation: Spinal nerves
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
Insertion: Mastoid region of skull
Action: Bilateral: neck flection, Unilateral: turns face to opposite side
Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)
Splenius Capitis
Origin: Spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Mastoid process, occipital bone of skull
Action: Bilateral: extend head, Unilateral: Laterally flexes neck to same side
Innervation: Cervial spinal nerves
Longissimus Cervicis
Origin: Transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Transverse process of middle and superior cervical vertebrae
Action: Bilateral: extend head, Unilateral: Laterally flexes neck to same side
Innervation: Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
