A&P, Dugan, Hondros, test 1 (253) -2023
Sagittal - ANSWER side by side/left & right
Frontal - ANSWER Front and back/dorsal & ventral, sternum is VENTRICAL to the scapula
Transverse - ANSWER Divides body into upper and lower parts
Superior - ANSWER Higher on the body, nearer to the head, forehead/frontal is SUPERIOR
to the neck/cervical
Inferior - ANSWER Lower on the body, farther from the head, neck/cervical is INFERIOR to
forehead
dorsal cavity - ANSWER includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
ventral cavity - ANSWER thoracic and abdominopelvic
The pleura is ______ to the pericardium - ANSWER Lateral
The thoracic cavity has a mid portion called _______ - ANSWER Mediastinum
Mediastinum - ANSWER area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae,
esophagus, and trachea
pleural cavity - ANSWER contains the lungs
abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER Contains liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines,
spleen, kidneys and ureters
Regions of the abdomen - ANSWER 9 regions - right hypochondriac, inferior to the
hypochondriac is the lumbar, inferior to the lumbar is the inguinal, central regions begin with
the epigastric, inferior to epigastric is the umbilical, inferior to the umbilical is the hypogastric,
left regions are the same as the right regions.
anatomical position - ANSWER To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms facing
forward (supine/anterior), thumbs are lateral to the pinky, pinky is medial to the thumb
medial - ANSWER Toward the midline of the body
Lateral - ANSWER Away from the midline of the body
Ventral - ANSWER front, anterior
Dorsal - ANSWER back/posterior
, Proximal - ANSWER Closest to the trunk of the body, elbow is PROXIMAL to the
carpal(wrists), patella is PROXIMAL to the tarsal(ankle)
Distal - ANSWER Farther from the trunk of the body, wrists are DISTAL to the elbow,
tarsal(ankle) is DISTAL to patella
levels of organization (smallest to largest) - ANSWER atom, molecule, macromolecule,
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism (AMMOCTOOO)
Homeostasis - ANSWER stable internal environment
negative feedback - ANSWER Does opposite to maintain homeostasis. Examples:
temperature regulation; If you're hot-you sweat and blood vessels vasodilate. If you're
cold-you shiver and blood vessels vasoconstrict.
positive feedback - ANSWER disrupts homeostasis. Examples: labor and blood clotting.
Atoms - ANSWER smallest unit of matter, 3 parts-proton, neutron and electron, Protons(+)
& Neutrons(neutral) are within the nucleus.
Element - ANSWER A PURE substance made of only one kind of atom. Can not be broken
down. Carbon and oxygen are examples.
Compound - ANSWER a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a
mixture. Can be broken down into elemtns. H2O, phosphorus, copper and nitrogen are
examples.
Protons - ANSWER positive charge, found in nucleus
Neutrons - ANSWER the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Electrons - ANSWER negative charged particles OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS, can be added or
removed
mass number - ANSWER the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
atomic number - ANSWER the number of protons in an atom
Energy level - ANSWER each ring represents a different number
Ions are - ANSWER Cation(+) & Anion(-), to make an uncharged ion a -3 anion= add 3
electrons, subtract 3 electrons = +2 cation
ionic bond - ANSWER Bonded by transferring electrons from one atom to another.
Opposites attract, broken down by H2).
Sagittal - ANSWER side by side/left & right
Frontal - ANSWER Front and back/dorsal & ventral, sternum is VENTRICAL to the scapula
Transverse - ANSWER Divides body into upper and lower parts
Superior - ANSWER Higher on the body, nearer to the head, forehead/frontal is SUPERIOR
to the neck/cervical
Inferior - ANSWER Lower on the body, farther from the head, neck/cervical is INFERIOR to
forehead
dorsal cavity - ANSWER includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
ventral cavity - ANSWER thoracic and abdominopelvic
The pleura is ______ to the pericardium - ANSWER Lateral
The thoracic cavity has a mid portion called _______ - ANSWER Mediastinum
Mediastinum - ANSWER area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae,
esophagus, and trachea
pleural cavity - ANSWER contains the lungs
abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER Contains liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines,
spleen, kidneys and ureters
Regions of the abdomen - ANSWER 9 regions - right hypochondriac, inferior to the
hypochondriac is the lumbar, inferior to the lumbar is the inguinal, central regions begin with
the epigastric, inferior to epigastric is the umbilical, inferior to the umbilical is the hypogastric,
left regions are the same as the right regions.
anatomical position - ANSWER To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms facing
forward (supine/anterior), thumbs are lateral to the pinky, pinky is medial to the thumb
medial - ANSWER Toward the midline of the body
Lateral - ANSWER Away from the midline of the body
Ventral - ANSWER front, anterior
Dorsal - ANSWER back/posterior
, Proximal - ANSWER Closest to the trunk of the body, elbow is PROXIMAL to the
carpal(wrists), patella is PROXIMAL to the tarsal(ankle)
Distal - ANSWER Farther from the trunk of the body, wrists are DISTAL to the elbow,
tarsal(ankle) is DISTAL to patella
levels of organization (smallest to largest) - ANSWER atom, molecule, macromolecule,
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism (AMMOCTOOO)
Homeostasis - ANSWER stable internal environment
negative feedback - ANSWER Does opposite to maintain homeostasis. Examples:
temperature regulation; If you're hot-you sweat and blood vessels vasodilate. If you're
cold-you shiver and blood vessels vasoconstrict.
positive feedback - ANSWER disrupts homeostasis. Examples: labor and blood clotting.
Atoms - ANSWER smallest unit of matter, 3 parts-proton, neutron and electron, Protons(+)
& Neutrons(neutral) are within the nucleus.
Element - ANSWER A PURE substance made of only one kind of atom. Can not be broken
down. Carbon and oxygen are examples.
Compound - ANSWER a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a
mixture. Can be broken down into elemtns. H2O, phosphorus, copper and nitrogen are
examples.
Protons - ANSWER positive charge, found in nucleus
Neutrons - ANSWER the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Electrons - ANSWER negative charged particles OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS, can be added or
removed
mass number - ANSWER the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
atomic number - ANSWER the number of protons in an atom
Energy level - ANSWER each ring represents a different number
Ions are - ANSWER Cation(+) & Anion(-), to make an uncharged ion a -3 anion= add 3
electrons, subtract 3 electrons = +2 cation
ionic bond - ANSWER Bonded by transferring electrons from one atom to another.
Opposites attract, broken down by H2).
