MCAT Nephron questions well answered graded A+

MCAT NephronProximal convoluted tubule (1) - correct answer permeable to amino acids, glucose, water-soluble vitamins, and salts, which are reabsorbed with water. Filtrate is isotonic to interstitium. Vasa recta - correct answer capillary bed that removes substances from interstitium to be returned to systemic circulation Descending loop of Henle(2a) - correct answer Water-permeable; as interstitial concentration increases, water flows out of this structure. Ascending loop of Henle (2b) - correct answer Permeable to salts; as interstitial concentration decreases, more salt is removed from the filtrate. Distal convoluted tubule (3) - correct answer Responds to aldosterone to promote sodium reabsorption, pulling water with it Collecting duct (4) - correct answer Collects urine before excretion; responds to ADH and aldosterone; anything that is left in this structure is excreted Medulla - correct answer inner core of nephron Cortex - correct answer outer layer of nephron Aldosterone - correct answer Steroid hormone; Increases reabsorption of ions and thus water in the distal convoluted tubule (raises blood pressure) ADH/vasopressin - correct answer peptide hormone; synthesized by hypothalamus; released by posterior pituitary in response to high blood osmolarity