Chapter 73 Terrorism, Mass Casualty, and Disaster Nursing; Hinkle: Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Fourteenth Edition PREPU LEVEL 7 TEST BANK

The nursing instructor is teaching her class about disasters. Which type of radiologic disaster would the instructor tell her students is less likely to cause acute radiation syndrome (ARS)? a. Nuclear power plant accident b. Explosion of a dirty bomb c. Nuclear blast d. Sarin attack ANSWER: b. Explosion of a dirty bomb A dirty bomb is a conventional explosive device that spreads small amounts of radiation in the form of powder or pellets. The greater danger is from the explosion; the radiation dispersed is a secondary danger. It is less likely to cause ARS, while a nuclear blast or a nuclear power plant accident can expose large numbers of people to gamma radiation. Sarin attack also involves a nerve agent but is not a radiologic disaster. Clients involved in a mass casualty incident are triaged and assigned a color-coded tag. When prioritizing care, clients tagged with which color would be treated first? a. Black b. Green c. Yellow d. Red ANSWER: d. Red Clients who are tagged red require immediate care. These would be followed by clients who are tagged yellow and then green. Clients who are tagged black receive comfort measures. Which is defined as the potential of an agent to cause injury to the body? a. Volatility b. Latency c. Persistence d. Toxicity ANSWER: d. Toxicity The median lethal dose (LD50) is the amount of the chemical that will cause death in 50% of those who are exposed. Persistence means that the chemical is less likely to vaporize and disperse. Volatility is the tendency for a chemical to become a vapor. Latency is the time from absorption to the appearance of symptoms. A client has been exposed to a vesicant and is undergoing decontamination. Which of the following most likely would be used? a. Sodium hypochlorite b. Soap and water c. Alcohol d. Chlorhexidine ANSWER: b. Soap and water A client who is exposed