1. What is the most common initial symptom of
colorectal cancer?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hematemesis
C. Change in bowel habits or occult bleeding
D. Weight gain
Answer: C
Rationale: Colorectal cancer often presents
insidiously with altered bowel habits or blood in
stool.
2. Which of the following diseases is most
associated with non-caseating granulomas?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Sarcoidosis
C. Histoplasmosis
D. Syphilis
Answer: B
,Rationale: Sarcoidosis is characterized by non-
caseating granulomas in affected tissues.
3. What is the initial pathophysiological event in
septic shock?
A. Loss of sympathetic tone
B. Decreased cardiac contractility
C. Systemic vasodilation due to inflammatory
mediators
D. Decreased blood volume
Answer: C
Rationale: Inflammatory cytokines cause widespread
vasodilation, leading to hypotension and poor
perfusion.
4. What is the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Alcohol abuse and gallstones
C. Viral infection
D. High protein diet
,Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol and gallstones are the most
frequent causes of acute pancreatitis.
5. Which condition is associated with a deficiency in
factor VIII?
A. Hemophilia A
B. Hemophilia B
C. von Willebrand disease
D. Thrombocytopenia
Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A results from a deficiency in
clotting factor VIII.
6. In anemia of chronic disease, which iron study
abnormality is most common?
A. Elevated serum iron
B. Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
C. Low ferritin
D. Low serum iron and low TIBC
Answer: D
, Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease typically
presents with low serum iron and low TIBC, with
normal or elevated ferritin.
7. What is the primary pathology in achalasia?
A. Hypertrophy of the gastric wall
B. Autoimmune damage to parietal cells
C. Loss of esophageal peristalsis and LES relaxation
D. Overproduction of gastric acid
Answer: C
Rationale: Achalasia involves failure of the lower
esophageal sphincter to relax and loss of motility.
8. Which of the following is most likely in a patient
with metabolic acidosis?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Low serum bicarbonate
C. High pH
D. Decreased anion gap
Answer: B
colorectal cancer?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hematemesis
C. Change in bowel habits or occult bleeding
D. Weight gain
Answer: C
Rationale: Colorectal cancer often presents
insidiously with altered bowel habits or blood in
stool.
2. Which of the following diseases is most
associated with non-caseating granulomas?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Sarcoidosis
C. Histoplasmosis
D. Syphilis
Answer: B
,Rationale: Sarcoidosis is characterized by non-
caseating granulomas in affected tissues.
3. What is the initial pathophysiological event in
septic shock?
A. Loss of sympathetic tone
B. Decreased cardiac contractility
C. Systemic vasodilation due to inflammatory
mediators
D. Decreased blood volume
Answer: C
Rationale: Inflammatory cytokines cause widespread
vasodilation, leading to hypotension and poor
perfusion.
4. What is the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Alcohol abuse and gallstones
C. Viral infection
D. High protein diet
,Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol and gallstones are the most
frequent causes of acute pancreatitis.
5. Which condition is associated with a deficiency in
factor VIII?
A. Hemophilia A
B. Hemophilia B
C. von Willebrand disease
D. Thrombocytopenia
Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A results from a deficiency in
clotting factor VIII.
6. In anemia of chronic disease, which iron study
abnormality is most common?
A. Elevated serum iron
B. Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
C. Low ferritin
D. Low serum iron and low TIBC
Answer: D
, Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease typically
presents with low serum iron and low TIBC, with
normal or elevated ferritin.
7. What is the primary pathology in achalasia?
A. Hypertrophy of the gastric wall
B. Autoimmune damage to parietal cells
C. Loss of esophageal peristalsis and LES relaxation
D. Overproduction of gastric acid
Answer: C
Rationale: Achalasia involves failure of the lower
esophageal sphincter to relax and loss of motility.
8. Which of the following is most likely in a patient
with metabolic acidosis?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Low serum bicarbonate
C. High pH
D. Decreased anion gap
Answer: B
