APSC 151 Final Exam Questions & Answers
| 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version
Which is not a requirement for a mineral?
A) naturally occurring
B) consistent isotopic composition
C) well-formed external crystal shapes
D) orderly regular atomic or ionic structure
E) definite chemical composition - ✔✔B
Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition?
A) Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils.
B) Older strata are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata.
C) An igneous dyke cuts across sedimentary rock allowing relative dating.
D) Older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale.
E) Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers. - ✔✔E
Which of the following is not a physical property
A) boiling point
B) stiffness
C) reactivity
D) magnetism
E) hardness - ✔✔C
Which of the following minerals are carbonates?
A) hematite, magnetite, corundum
B) muscovite, hornblende, plagioclase
C) calcite, aragonite, dolomite
,D) Bornite, chalcopyrite, galena
E) anhydrite, gypsum, barite - ✔✔C
New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ____:
A) divergent boundaries by porphyry eruptions and intrusions of felsic magma
B) convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of felsic magma
C) divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of mafic magma
D) convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of mafic magma
E) transform boundaries by recycling of ocean floor material - ✔✔C
Which one of the following statements is false?
A) mechanical weathering reduces grain sizes of rock particles.
B) mechanical weathering allows for faster rates of chemical weathering.
C) mechanical weathering is important in the formation of talus slopes.
D) mechanical weathering involves a major change in the mineral composition of the material.
E) mechanical weathering can loosen inter-crystalline grain boundaries in igneous rocks - ✔✔D
Why doesn't quartz have cleavages, only fractures?
A) it is a glass
B) all oxygens are shared between strongly bonded silicon atoms in a 3-D framework
C) all of the metallic cations form strong webs between the silicate chains
D) it is made of pure silicon which is very strong
E) it has strong helical chains in 3 perpendicular directions - ✔✔B
Which statement below describes how V-shaped valleys form?
A) stream water dissolves the bedrock along a narrow swath of soluble bedrock
B) streams tend to divert along steep joints and force the rock to open
C) stream cuts vertically, but valley sides cave in due to weathering and mass wasting
, D) stream water erodes the valley walls uniformly, grain by grain, creating steep sides
E) stream cuts vertically along soft fault gouge - ✔✔D
About 1.2 to 1.0 billion years ago, Canada had a mountain range the size of the modern Himalayas, with
high grade metamorphic rocks (>800 C) forming in its roots. What city is located within this zone?
A) St. John's
B) Kingston
C) Whitehorse
D) Toronto
E) Vancouver - ✔✔B
What does poor sorting indicate in a sediment?
A) a big velocity increase during deposition
B) that the particles are not the same shape but all the same size
C) reworking in a beach or dune environment
D) short transport distance and/or very rapid deposition
E) there was no environment of deposition - ✔✔D
Which of the following is not a trigger for Mass Wasting
A) frost heave
B) oversteepening of slopes
C) regional drought
D) earthquake
E) rainfall - ✔✔C
Teeth first became a "must have" fashion accessory in the
A) Ordovician
B) Holocene
C) Cambrian
| 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version
Which is not a requirement for a mineral?
A) naturally occurring
B) consistent isotopic composition
C) well-formed external crystal shapes
D) orderly regular atomic or ionic structure
E) definite chemical composition - ✔✔B
Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition?
A) Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils.
B) Older strata are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata.
C) An igneous dyke cuts across sedimentary rock allowing relative dating.
D) Older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale.
E) Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers. - ✔✔E
Which of the following is not a physical property
A) boiling point
B) stiffness
C) reactivity
D) magnetism
E) hardness - ✔✔C
Which of the following minerals are carbonates?
A) hematite, magnetite, corundum
B) muscovite, hornblende, plagioclase
C) calcite, aragonite, dolomite
,D) Bornite, chalcopyrite, galena
E) anhydrite, gypsum, barite - ✔✔C
New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ____:
A) divergent boundaries by porphyry eruptions and intrusions of felsic magma
B) convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of felsic magma
C) divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of mafic magma
D) convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of mafic magma
E) transform boundaries by recycling of ocean floor material - ✔✔C
Which one of the following statements is false?
A) mechanical weathering reduces grain sizes of rock particles.
B) mechanical weathering allows for faster rates of chemical weathering.
C) mechanical weathering is important in the formation of talus slopes.
D) mechanical weathering involves a major change in the mineral composition of the material.
E) mechanical weathering can loosen inter-crystalline grain boundaries in igneous rocks - ✔✔D
Why doesn't quartz have cleavages, only fractures?
A) it is a glass
B) all oxygens are shared between strongly bonded silicon atoms in a 3-D framework
C) all of the metallic cations form strong webs between the silicate chains
D) it is made of pure silicon which is very strong
E) it has strong helical chains in 3 perpendicular directions - ✔✔B
Which statement below describes how V-shaped valleys form?
A) stream water dissolves the bedrock along a narrow swath of soluble bedrock
B) streams tend to divert along steep joints and force the rock to open
C) stream cuts vertically, but valley sides cave in due to weathering and mass wasting
, D) stream water erodes the valley walls uniformly, grain by grain, creating steep sides
E) stream cuts vertically along soft fault gouge - ✔✔D
About 1.2 to 1.0 billion years ago, Canada had a mountain range the size of the modern Himalayas, with
high grade metamorphic rocks (>800 C) forming in its roots. What city is located within this zone?
A) St. John's
B) Kingston
C) Whitehorse
D) Toronto
E) Vancouver - ✔✔B
What does poor sorting indicate in a sediment?
A) a big velocity increase during deposition
B) that the particles are not the same shape but all the same size
C) reworking in a beach or dune environment
D) short transport distance and/or very rapid deposition
E) there was no environment of deposition - ✔✔D
Which of the following is not a trigger for Mass Wasting
A) frost heave
B) oversteepening of slopes
C) regional drought
D) earthquake
E) rainfall - ✔✔C
Teeth first became a "must have" fashion accessory in the
A) Ordovician
B) Holocene
C) Cambrian
