MH701 EXAM 3 2024 -2025 WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Addiction is characterized by what? - correct answer✔✔ impulsive drug craving, seeking & use that
persists even in the face of negative consequences.
What parts of the brain are involved in the reward pathway? - correct answer✔✔ the ventral tegmental
area (VTA), nucleus accumbens & pre-frontal cortex.
When activated by a rewarding stimuli, information travels from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens and
then up to the prefrontal cortex.
All drugs that lead to addiction increases: - correct answer✔✔ dopamine in the ventral striatum.
Reinforcement of SUD results in what kind of sensations when a drug is abused? - correct answer✔✔
"feel good"
What sensations in SUD are experienced when the drug exit the body? - correct answer✔✔ "feel bad"
Social rewards associated with drug use: - correct answer✔✔ disinhibition, euphoric mood and anxiety
reduction.
Negative rewards from drug use are: - correct answer✔✔ increased anxiety, dysphoria.
DA release in the reward center is further enhanced by the release of: - correct answer✔✔ natural
morphine-like neurotransmitters called neuropeptides.
Define abuse: - correct answer✔✔ Self-administration of any drug in a culturally disapproved manner
that cause adverse consequences.
,Define Addiction: - correct answer✔✔ A behavioral pattern of drug abuse characterized by
overwhelming involvement with the use of a drug (compulsive use), the securing of it's supply, and a
high tendency to relapse after discontinuation.
Define compulsivity: - correct answer✔✔ Repetitive actions inappropriate to the situation that persist,
that have no obvious relationship to the overall goal, and often result in undesirable consequences,
behavior that results in preservation, in response in the face of adverse consequences.
Cross-tolerance: - correct answer✔✔ The ability of one drug to suppress the manifestations of physical
dependence produced by another drug to maintain the physical dependent state.
Dependence: - correct answer✔✔ The physiological state of adaption produced by repeated
administration of certain drugs such as alcohol, heroin and benzos when they are abruptly discontinued,
and are associated with physical drug withdrawal distinct from the motivational changes of acute
withdrawal and protracted abstinence which is part of addiction.
Habit: - correct answer✔✔ Responses triggered by environmental stimuli regardless of the current
desirability of the consequences. The condition response to a stimulus has been reinforced and
strengthened either by past experience with reward (positive reinforcement) or by omission of an
adverse event (negative reinforcement).
Impulsivity: - correct answer✔✔ The tendency to act prematurely without foresight; actions which are
poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, unduly risky, or inappropriate to the situation. Measured in 2
domains: the choice of a small, immediate reward over a larger, delayed reward, or the inability to
inhibit behavior to change the course of action or stop a response once it is initiated.
Rebound: - correct answer✔✔ The exaggerated expression of the original condition sometimes
experiences by patients immediately after cessation of an effective treatment.
Reinforcement: - correct answer✔✔ The tendency of a pleasure-producing drug to lead to a repeated
self-administration.
Relapse: - correct answer✔✔ The recurrence, upon discontinuation of an effective medical treatment,
of the original condition from which the patient suffered.
,Tolerance: - correct answer✔✔ When the body becomes less responsive to the drug with repeated
exposure.
Withdrawal: - correct answer✔✔ Painful physical and psychological symptoms that follow
discontinuation of a drug.
What are some substances that can cause addiction? - correct answer✔✔ Stimulants, nicotine, alcohol,
sedative-hypnotics, opioid, marijuana, hallucinogens and club drugs.
Addiction is characterized by: - correct answer✔✔ compulsive drug craving, seeking, and use that
persist even in the face of negative consequences.
"Feel good" reinforcement is mediated by what pathways in drug abuse? - correct answer✔✔ dopamine
"Feel bad: reinforcement is mediated by what pathway in drug abuse? - correct answer✔✔ GABA
DSM-5 criteria for substance abuse? - correct answer✔✔ A maladaptive pattern of substance use
leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by 1 or more of the following,
occurring within a 12 month period:
1. Recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school or home.
2. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (driving an automobile,
operating a machine when impaired).
3. Recurrent substance related legal problems.
4. Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems
caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
DSM-5 criteria for substance dependence: - correct answer✔✔ A maladaptive pattern of substance
abuse, leading to a clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 3 or more of the
following, occurring at any time in the same 12 month period.
1. Presence or tolerance to a drug.
2. Presence of withdrawal syndrome.
3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
, 4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on control substance use.
5. A great el of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or
recover from its effects.
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance
use.
7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or
psychological problems that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.
Define binge drinking: - correct answer✔✔ 5 or more drinks on the same occasion during one or more
days in the past month.
Define heavy drinking: - correct answer✔✔ 5 or more drinks on the same occasion 5 or more days in the
past month.
Define low risk drinking: - correct answer✔✔ No more than 4 drinks on one occasion or 14 drinks per
week for men; no more than 3 drinks per day or 7 drinks per week for women.
Signs of alcohol intoxication: - correct answer✔✔ slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait,
nystagmus, impairment of inattention or memory, stupor or coma.
DSM-5 for alcohol intoxication: - correct answer✔✔ 1. Recent ingestion of alcohol.
2. Clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological change that developed during or shortly
after alcohol ingestion.
3. Signs of alcohol intoxication as above.
4. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better explained by another
mental disorder.
DSM-5 for alcohol withdrawal: - correct answer✔✔ 1. Cessation of alcohol use that ahs been heavy and
prolonged.
2. 2 or more of the following, developing within several hours to a few days.
autonomic hyperactivity.
increased hand tremor
CORRECT ANSWERS
Addiction is characterized by what? - correct answer✔✔ impulsive drug craving, seeking & use that
persists even in the face of negative consequences.
What parts of the brain are involved in the reward pathway? - correct answer✔✔ the ventral tegmental
area (VTA), nucleus accumbens & pre-frontal cortex.
When activated by a rewarding stimuli, information travels from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens and
then up to the prefrontal cortex.
All drugs that lead to addiction increases: - correct answer✔✔ dopamine in the ventral striatum.
Reinforcement of SUD results in what kind of sensations when a drug is abused? - correct answer✔✔
"feel good"
What sensations in SUD are experienced when the drug exit the body? - correct answer✔✔ "feel bad"
Social rewards associated with drug use: - correct answer✔✔ disinhibition, euphoric mood and anxiety
reduction.
Negative rewards from drug use are: - correct answer✔✔ increased anxiety, dysphoria.
DA release in the reward center is further enhanced by the release of: - correct answer✔✔ natural
morphine-like neurotransmitters called neuropeptides.
Define abuse: - correct answer✔✔ Self-administration of any drug in a culturally disapproved manner
that cause adverse consequences.
,Define Addiction: - correct answer✔✔ A behavioral pattern of drug abuse characterized by
overwhelming involvement with the use of a drug (compulsive use), the securing of it's supply, and a
high tendency to relapse after discontinuation.
Define compulsivity: - correct answer✔✔ Repetitive actions inappropriate to the situation that persist,
that have no obvious relationship to the overall goal, and often result in undesirable consequences,
behavior that results in preservation, in response in the face of adverse consequences.
Cross-tolerance: - correct answer✔✔ The ability of one drug to suppress the manifestations of physical
dependence produced by another drug to maintain the physical dependent state.
Dependence: - correct answer✔✔ The physiological state of adaption produced by repeated
administration of certain drugs such as alcohol, heroin and benzos when they are abruptly discontinued,
and are associated with physical drug withdrawal distinct from the motivational changes of acute
withdrawal and protracted abstinence which is part of addiction.
Habit: - correct answer✔✔ Responses triggered by environmental stimuli regardless of the current
desirability of the consequences. The condition response to a stimulus has been reinforced and
strengthened either by past experience with reward (positive reinforcement) or by omission of an
adverse event (negative reinforcement).
Impulsivity: - correct answer✔✔ The tendency to act prematurely without foresight; actions which are
poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, unduly risky, or inappropriate to the situation. Measured in 2
domains: the choice of a small, immediate reward over a larger, delayed reward, or the inability to
inhibit behavior to change the course of action or stop a response once it is initiated.
Rebound: - correct answer✔✔ The exaggerated expression of the original condition sometimes
experiences by patients immediately after cessation of an effective treatment.
Reinforcement: - correct answer✔✔ The tendency of a pleasure-producing drug to lead to a repeated
self-administration.
Relapse: - correct answer✔✔ The recurrence, upon discontinuation of an effective medical treatment,
of the original condition from which the patient suffered.
,Tolerance: - correct answer✔✔ When the body becomes less responsive to the drug with repeated
exposure.
Withdrawal: - correct answer✔✔ Painful physical and psychological symptoms that follow
discontinuation of a drug.
What are some substances that can cause addiction? - correct answer✔✔ Stimulants, nicotine, alcohol,
sedative-hypnotics, opioid, marijuana, hallucinogens and club drugs.
Addiction is characterized by: - correct answer✔✔ compulsive drug craving, seeking, and use that
persist even in the face of negative consequences.
"Feel good" reinforcement is mediated by what pathways in drug abuse? - correct answer✔✔ dopamine
"Feel bad: reinforcement is mediated by what pathway in drug abuse? - correct answer✔✔ GABA
DSM-5 criteria for substance abuse? - correct answer✔✔ A maladaptive pattern of substance use
leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by 1 or more of the following,
occurring within a 12 month period:
1. Recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school or home.
2. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (driving an automobile,
operating a machine when impaired).
3. Recurrent substance related legal problems.
4. Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems
caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
DSM-5 criteria for substance dependence: - correct answer✔✔ A maladaptive pattern of substance
abuse, leading to a clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 3 or more of the
following, occurring at any time in the same 12 month period.
1. Presence or tolerance to a drug.
2. Presence of withdrawal syndrome.
3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
, 4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on control substance use.
5. A great el of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or
recover from its effects.
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance
use.
7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or
psychological problems that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.
Define binge drinking: - correct answer✔✔ 5 or more drinks on the same occasion during one or more
days in the past month.
Define heavy drinking: - correct answer✔✔ 5 or more drinks on the same occasion 5 or more days in the
past month.
Define low risk drinking: - correct answer✔✔ No more than 4 drinks on one occasion or 14 drinks per
week for men; no more than 3 drinks per day or 7 drinks per week for women.
Signs of alcohol intoxication: - correct answer✔✔ slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait,
nystagmus, impairment of inattention or memory, stupor or coma.
DSM-5 for alcohol intoxication: - correct answer✔✔ 1. Recent ingestion of alcohol.
2. Clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological change that developed during or shortly
after alcohol ingestion.
3. Signs of alcohol intoxication as above.
4. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better explained by another
mental disorder.
DSM-5 for alcohol withdrawal: - correct answer✔✔ 1. Cessation of alcohol use that ahs been heavy and
prolonged.
2. 2 or more of the following, developing within several hours to a few days.
autonomic hyperactivity.
increased hand tremor
