(Complete Solution pack) Sobo ANTH 402 Section 1, Quiz 1-4, Test Exam Ch 1 2 3 4 5 Final. Complete Verified solution.

(Complete Solution pack) Sobo ANTH 402 Section 1, Quiz 1-4, Test Exam Ch 1 2 3 4 5 Final. Complete Verified solution. biological determinism an argument that biology determines completely one's capacities and characteristics what is a negative effect of biological determinism bio-determinism can lead people to place false limitations on their potential (ex: only men can fix cars, white people are better than black, the poor are dim-witted) cultural determinism culture (rather than biology) determines one's capacities and characteristics are humans biological or cultural? WE ARE BOTH! the whole nature vs nurture theory is BS. biology and culture are both part of a system that leads to greater outcomes what is holism connectedness---- the whole is more important than the sum of its parts. the properties of a system can be neither explained nor determined by examining its parts alone. what is reductionism explaining organisms as machines and reducing them to their moving parts (OPPOSITE OF HOLISM) anthropology the study of human systems and human interactions with the systems in which they are embedded ecosystems All the living and non-living things that interact in an area. an ecosystems populations are all related to each other through various ties involving energy flows (example- squirrels rely on oak trees, oak trees rely on squirrels to spread their acorns etc...) homeostasis the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. an ideal balance point at which species population numbers and the relations between populations would hold steady even as time passed. from this perspective, change is seen in a bad way! complex adaptive systems networks of dynamically interrelated parts between which information can flow and in which "emergent, surprising, creative behavior is a real possibility" (change is fine!) what leads to emergence simple interactions between parts to strive to keep a system together can lead to something entirely new // to an emergence // we adapt and something new comes out of it! law of unintended consequences intervention in a complex system can have surprising and undesirable consequences. example- McDonald's leading to an obesity and diabetes issue adaptation survival-enhancing change in a system brought about in response to a change in the environment. adaptive systems evolve instead of breaking down holon any system that is simultaneously a whole unto itself and a part of something larger (example- the state is a system, and so, too, the city within it, as is the neighborhood etc.) ethnology study of characteristics of various peoples and the differences and relationships between them ethnocentrism involves putting one's own culture at the center of any interpretation, in contrast to using the cultures norms and values to make interpretations comparative method cultures under study are compared with each other as a basis for generalizing about humankind; they can also be compared with the culture of the anthropologist themselves participant-observation an attempt to minimize ethnocentrism by living among/with the people of a different culture social determinants economic and social conditions that influence the health of people and communities (childhood experiences, education, social support, family income, etc..... they are the conditions in which we are born, we grow and age, and in which we live and work) how to address social determinants - improve conditions of daily life - tackle unequal distribution of power, money, and resources - measure the problem, evaluate action, expand the knowledge base the CSDH focuses on the "causes of the causes" and eliminating and improving them What are the 4 subfields of anthropology? cultural, linguistic, archaeology, biological cultural anthropology the study of people's communities, behaviors, beliefs, and institutions, including how people make meaning as they live, work, and play together. - holistic understanding of humans across space and time - immersive, local data collection methods - solutions must attend to cultural relative understanding - emphasis on qualitative research what are the two dimensions of cultural anthropology - ethnography - ethnology Archaeological Anthropology - focuses on material remains - observe/reconstruct culture through physical remains rather than observing human behavior - "ideal" vs "real" culture