Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation, Physiological and Clinical Applications 7th Edition By (Cairo, 2020) Chapter 1-23 Complete.

Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation, Physiological and Clinical Applications 7th Edition By (Cairo, 2020) Chapter 1-23 Complete. Chapter 01: Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation Cairo: Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as which of the following? a. External respiration b. Internal respiration c. Spontaneous ventilation d. Mechanical ventilation ANS: C The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells. REF: pg. 2 2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration? a. Red blood cells and body cells b. Scalenes and trapezius muscles c. Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries d. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles ANS: C External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells. Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of expiration. REF: pg. 2 3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the following? a.                Time PIP (cm H2O) (cm H2O) Time Peak Inspiratory Pressure (cm H2O) Plateau Pressure (cm H2O)                  elastance? Chapter 03: How a Breath Is Delivered Cairo: Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The equation of motion describes the relationships between which of the following? a. Pressure and flow during a mechanical breath b. Pressure and volume during a spontaneous breath c. Flow and volume during a mechanical or spontaneous breath d. Flow, volume, and pressure during a spontaneous or mechanical breath ANS: D The mathematical model that relates pressure, volume, and flow during ventilation is known as the equation of motion for the respiratory system. This means that: Muscle pressure + Ventilator pressure = (Elastance  Volume) + (Resistance  Flow). REF: pg. 27 | pg. 28 2. The equation of motion is represented by which of the following? a. PTA = PA  Raw b. PTR = Paw + PA c. Pvent + Pmus = Raw + PTA d. Pvent + Pmus = Raw  PA ANS: B The transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure generated by either the patient contracting the respiratory muscles or by the ventilator pushing the volume into the patient. This pressure is opposed by the elastic recoil pressure (PE) and the flow resistance pressure (PR). The transairway pressure (PTA) is the pressure gradient between the airway opening and the alveolus. This produces airway movement in the conductive airways. It represents only part of the equation of motion, the pressure needed to overcome the airway resistance. The equation of motion may be represented, on one side, by Pvent + muscle pressure (Pmus). However, this is equal to the elastic recoil pressure (V/C) plus the flow resistance pressure (Raw  ) or Pvent + Pmus = V/C + (Raw  ). REF: pg. 27 3. How many variables can a ventilator control at one time? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four ANS: A As the equation of motion shows, the ventilator can control four variables: pressure, volume, flow, and time. It is important to recognize that the ventilator can control only one variable at a time. Thank you, EMAIL ME @ For help with Assignments/Essay/Projects/Test Banks/practice Exams and any other classwork. REF: pg. 28 4. Calculate the transrespiratory pressure given the following information: volume 0.6 L; compliance 1 L/cm H2O; airway resistance 3 cm H2O/L/sec; flow 1 L/sec. a. 0.9 cm H2O b. 1.8 cm H2O c. 3.6 cm H2O d. 4.6 cm H2O ANS: C Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) = Pvent + Pmus = V/C + ( Raw  ). REF: pg. 29 5. An increase in airway resistance during volume-controlled ventilation will have which of the following effects? a. Volume increase b. Flow decrease c. Pressure increase d. Rate decrease ANS: C When a ventilator is volume-controlled the ventilator will maintain the volume, which will remain unchanged, along with the flow, but the pressure will vary with changes in lung characteristics. An increase in airway pressure will require mor