AS-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (OCR) EXAM CONTAINING
370 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2023-2024 UPDATE.
What is the difference between experimental and non-experimental methods? -Answer:
Experimental methods involve manipulating a variable, while non-experimental methods
do not.
What is a laboratory experiment? -Answer: A laboratory experiment is an experiment
conducted in highly controlled conditions.
What is a field experiment? -Answer: A field experiment is an experiment conducted
outside of a laboratory condition, aiming to observe and understand people in a natural
environment.
What is a natural/quasi experiment? -Answer: A natural/quasi experiment is an
experiment that attempts to establish a cause and effect relationship, but the groups are
not randomly assigned.
What are the five area of psychology? -Answer: Cognitive psychology, social
psychology, developmental psychology, biological psychology and individual differences
What is an example of cognitive psychology? -Answer: Confirmation bias
What is cognitive psychology? -Answer: the branch of psychology concerned with the
scientific study of the mind
What is social psychology? -Answer: the scientific study of how we think about,
influence, and relate to one another
What is developmental psychology? -Answer: a branch of psychology that studies
physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
What is biological psychology? -Answer: the scientific study of the links between
biological and psychological processes
What is individual differences? -Answer: everyone responds differently to particular
training methods
Three examples of experimental research methods -Answer: Laboratory, field & natural
/ quasi
, AS-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (OCR) EXAM CONTAINING
370 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2023-2024 UPDATE.
Three examples of non-experimental research methods -Answer: Self-report,
observation & correlation
What is a self-report? -Answer: a method in which people provide subjective
information about their own thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, typically via questionnaire
or interview
What is an observational study? -Answer: observes individuals and measures variables
of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses
What is correlational research? -Answer: Research type that compares the statistical
relationship between two variables without manipulating the independent variables.
Milgram Experiment -Answer: obedience; electrical shocks to incorrect answers;
learners were paid actors.
When was Milgram's study? -Answer: 1963
Milgram's Obedience Study statistics -Answer: Shocking the confederate 65%
delivered full range
Ethnocentric bias -Answer: believing that the way one's own culture does things is the
right and normal way to do them
What was the aim of Milgram's experiment? -Answer: Aim : to investigate the tendency
of destructive obedience
How was there an element of deception in Milgram's experiment? -Answer: it was
advertised as an experiment to test the effects of punishment on memory
What was the learner in Milgram's experiment? -Answer: A confederate
What is a confederate? -Answer: Someone who works secretly with a person /
organisation
How was there ethnocentric bias in Milgram's experiment? -Answer: all participants
were white males .
, AS-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (OCR) EXAM CONTAINING
370 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2023-2024 UPDATE.
How does Milgram's experiment go against ethics? -Answer: these men were having
panic attacks and seizures
Where was Milgram's study? -Answer: Yale University
What were the quantitative results from Milgram's experiment? -Answer: 100% of
participants shocked to 300V, 65% shocked to a lethal voltage (450V)
What happened when teachers were defiant in Milgram's experiment? -Answer: the
experimenter would say 'Please continue'
How was there a lack of generalisability in Milgram's study of obedience? -Answer: all
men of similar ages, all from the NorthEast of America's.
Why do people argue thay Milgram's obedience study wasnt even an experiment? -
Answer: No independent variable
What happened a year after Milgram's experiment? -Answer: There was a
psychological checkup to make sure there wasn't significant psychological harm to
participants
How many participants exercised their free-will in Milgram's experiment? (Percentage) -
Answer: 35 % of participants exercised their free -Answer: will
How did Milgram justify his experiment? -Answer: Milgram justifies this experiment due
to the usefulness + participants consented
How has Milgram's study impacted society? -Answer: -Answer: Professions are no
longer to plead obedience as an excuse , people are encouraged to question authority
-Answer: Attitudes regarding war causes have now been changed
Milgran's conclusion about his experiment -Answer: "If an anonymous experimenter
could command adults to subdue a 51 year old man and shock him we can only wonder
what the government can command of its subjects"
, AS-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (OCR) EXAM CONTAINING
370 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2023-2024 UPDATE.
What is an Agentic State? -Answer: you're an agent of someone else's orders
(participants of Milgram's study felt able to continue knowing it wasn't their problem if
someone was hurt).
In Milgram's experiment, what did the learner do as the voltage increased to create
tension? -Answer: At 300V the learner started to kick the wall and beg for it to end
Eventually the learner would 'die' at 450V and would not reply at all to any questions or
the shocks
Advantages of Laboratory Experiments (7) -Answer: -Answer: Control
-Answer: Reliability
-Answer: Standardisation ( everyone participating will have the same experience and
instructions given )
-Answer: Usually informed consent
-Answer: Classification (the way IVs are grouped)
-Answer: Measurement (results)
-Answer: Causation (IV & DV )
Advantages of Field Experiments (2) -Answer: -Answer: Natural behaviour
-Answer: Greater validity perhaps
Disadvantages of Laboratory Experiments (3) -Answer: -Answer: Less validity
-Answer: Demand characteristics
-Answer: Behaviour is artificial
Disadvantages of Field Experiments (8) -Answer: -Answer: Less control ( hence
extraneous variables
-Answer: No standardisation
-Answer: Weaker reliability
-Answer: Difficult replication
-Answer: Classification
-Answer: Measurement
-Answer: Causation undermined by confounding variables
-Answer: Deception more likely
Counterbalancing definition -Answer: a technique used to deal with order effects
related to a repeated measures design ( e.g. randomised orders per participant for each
condition they have to be exposed to)
370 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2023-2024 UPDATE.
What is the difference between experimental and non-experimental methods? -Answer:
Experimental methods involve manipulating a variable, while non-experimental methods
do not.
What is a laboratory experiment? -Answer: A laboratory experiment is an experiment
conducted in highly controlled conditions.
What is a field experiment? -Answer: A field experiment is an experiment conducted
outside of a laboratory condition, aiming to observe and understand people in a natural
environment.
What is a natural/quasi experiment? -Answer: A natural/quasi experiment is an
experiment that attempts to establish a cause and effect relationship, but the groups are
not randomly assigned.
What are the five area of psychology? -Answer: Cognitive psychology, social
psychology, developmental psychology, biological psychology and individual differences
What is an example of cognitive psychology? -Answer: Confirmation bias
What is cognitive psychology? -Answer: the branch of psychology concerned with the
scientific study of the mind
What is social psychology? -Answer: the scientific study of how we think about,
influence, and relate to one another
What is developmental psychology? -Answer: a branch of psychology that studies
physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
What is biological psychology? -Answer: the scientific study of the links between
biological and psychological processes
What is individual differences? -Answer: everyone responds differently to particular
training methods
Three examples of experimental research methods -Answer: Laboratory, field & natural
/ quasi
, AS-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (OCR) EXAM CONTAINING
370 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2023-2024 UPDATE.
Three examples of non-experimental research methods -Answer: Self-report,
observation & correlation
What is a self-report? -Answer: a method in which people provide subjective
information about their own thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, typically via questionnaire
or interview
What is an observational study? -Answer: observes individuals and measures variables
of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses
What is correlational research? -Answer: Research type that compares the statistical
relationship between two variables without manipulating the independent variables.
Milgram Experiment -Answer: obedience; electrical shocks to incorrect answers;
learners were paid actors.
When was Milgram's study? -Answer: 1963
Milgram's Obedience Study statistics -Answer: Shocking the confederate 65%
delivered full range
Ethnocentric bias -Answer: believing that the way one's own culture does things is the
right and normal way to do them
What was the aim of Milgram's experiment? -Answer: Aim : to investigate the tendency
of destructive obedience
How was there an element of deception in Milgram's experiment? -Answer: it was
advertised as an experiment to test the effects of punishment on memory
What was the learner in Milgram's experiment? -Answer: A confederate
What is a confederate? -Answer: Someone who works secretly with a person /
organisation
How was there ethnocentric bias in Milgram's experiment? -Answer: all participants
were white males .
, AS-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (OCR) EXAM CONTAINING
370 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2023-2024 UPDATE.
How does Milgram's experiment go against ethics? -Answer: these men were having
panic attacks and seizures
Where was Milgram's study? -Answer: Yale University
What were the quantitative results from Milgram's experiment? -Answer: 100% of
participants shocked to 300V, 65% shocked to a lethal voltage (450V)
What happened when teachers were defiant in Milgram's experiment? -Answer: the
experimenter would say 'Please continue'
How was there a lack of generalisability in Milgram's study of obedience? -Answer: all
men of similar ages, all from the NorthEast of America's.
Why do people argue thay Milgram's obedience study wasnt even an experiment? -
Answer: No independent variable
What happened a year after Milgram's experiment? -Answer: There was a
psychological checkup to make sure there wasn't significant psychological harm to
participants
How many participants exercised their free-will in Milgram's experiment? (Percentage) -
Answer: 35 % of participants exercised their free -Answer: will
How did Milgram justify his experiment? -Answer: Milgram justifies this experiment due
to the usefulness + participants consented
How has Milgram's study impacted society? -Answer: -Answer: Professions are no
longer to plead obedience as an excuse , people are encouraged to question authority
-Answer: Attitudes regarding war causes have now been changed
Milgran's conclusion about his experiment -Answer: "If an anonymous experimenter
could command adults to subdue a 51 year old man and shock him we can only wonder
what the government can command of its subjects"
, AS-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (OCR) EXAM CONTAINING
370 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2023-2024 UPDATE.
What is an Agentic State? -Answer: you're an agent of someone else's orders
(participants of Milgram's study felt able to continue knowing it wasn't their problem if
someone was hurt).
In Milgram's experiment, what did the learner do as the voltage increased to create
tension? -Answer: At 300V the learner started to kick the wall and beg for it to end
Eventually the learner would 'die' at 450V and would not reply at all to any questions or
the shocks
Advantages of Laboratory Experiments (7) -Answer: -Answer: Control
-Answer: Reliability
-Answer: Standardisation ( everyone participating will have the same experience and
instructions given )
-Answer: Usually informed consent
-Answer: Classification (the way IVs are grouped)
-Answer: Measurement (results)
-Answer: Causation (IV & DV )
Advantages of Field Experiments (2) -Answer: -Answer: Natural behaviour
-Answer: Greater validity perhaps
Disadvantages of Laboratory Experiments (3) -Answer: -Answer: Less validity
-Answer: Demand characteristics
-Answer: Behaviour is artificial
Disadvantages of Field Experiments (8) -Answer: -Answer: Less control ( hence
extraneous variables
-Answer: No standardisation
-Answer: Weaker reliability
-Answer: Difficult replication
-Answer: Classification
-Answer: Measurement
-Answer: Causation undermined by confounding variables
-Answer: Deception more likely
Counterbalancing definition -Answer: a technique used to deal with order effects
related to a repeated measures design ( e.g. randomised orders per participant for each
condition they have to be exposed to)
