WGU D313: Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive Questions With Well Elaborated Answers.

What is a source of complex carbohydrates? a. Eggs b. Syrup c. Milk d. Legumes - correct answer d. Legumes What do animal sources of protein have that plant sources of protein do not? - correct answer Essential amino acids What is a source of protein? a. Fruit b. Soy c. Wheat - correct answer b. Soy Why is insoluble fiber helpful in a diet? - correct answer Increases stool bulk to reduce transit time of food through the digestive tract What is a function of lipids in a diet? - correct answer Make hormones and surround nerves What is a characteristic of unsaturated fats? - correct answer Liquid at room temperature What are 2 major functions of the pancreas? - correct answer 1. Produces insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar levels. 2. Secretes digestive enzymes to break down macronutrients. What are 2 functions of the peritoneum? - correct answer 1. Anchors intestines to the abdominal wall. 2. Prevents friction between the abdominal organs. Which process occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal? - correct answer Propulsion Which organ of the digestive system mixes and churns food with the gastric juices to form chyme? - correct answer Stomach What is the function of saliva? - correct answer Assists in the taste sensation What is the correct path that food takes through the large intestine? - correct answer Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon Which cells of the stomach secrete digestive hormones? - correct answer Enteroendocrine cells What is a function of the upper esophageal sphincter? - correct answer Allows food bolus to pass from the pharynx into the esophagus What is the goal of peristalsis? - correct answer Propel bolus or chyme along the digestive tract What happens during the buccal phase of deglutition? - correct answer A single food bolus is formed What triggers the defecation reflex? - correct answer Stretching of the walls of the rectum Parietal cells secrete _____ - correct answer Hydrochloric acid Pancreatic juice ____ - correct answer Buffers chyme Where does the chemical digestion of starch begin? - correct answer Mouth What are 2 functions of rugae of the stomach? - correct answer 1. Allows for expansion of the stomach. 2. Increase surface area. What is the function of the mucin that is secreted by surface mucous cells in the stomach? - correct answer Protects the underlying mucosa from the acidity of the stomach contents Which cells secrete an intrinsic factor that is essential for the absorption of Vitamin B12? - correct answer Parietal cells Pepsinogen is secreted by ____ and converted to pepsin by _____. - correct answer Chief cells; hydrochloric acid What is accomplished by peristaltic movements within the stomach? - correct answer Mixing bolus with gastric juices to produce chyme Villi located within the small intestine function to ______. - correct answer Increase surface area Why are Brunner's glands essential to the small intestine? - correct answer They secrete an alkaline mucus that neutralizes acidic chyme arriving from the stomach What is broken down by the brush border enzymes? - correct answer Carbohydrates and proteins If fecal matter passes through the large intestine too quickly, what will result? - correct answer Diarrhea Amylases break down ____ and lipases break down ____. - correct answer Carbohydrates; fats Which organ functions to break down toxins so they can be excreted from the kidneys? - correct answer Liver Where does digestion of carbohydrates occur? - correct answer Oral cavity, small intestine, large intestine Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are used for ____. - correct answer The production of enzymes What is the difference between nonessential and essential amino acids? - correct answer Nonessential amino acids can be synthesized within the body, while essential amino acids cannot. Where does lipid digestion occur? - correct answer Stomach and small intestine What is the last energy source to be used once all other stores are depleted during starvation? - correct answer Proteins from muscles What 2 things contribute to the stimulation of salivation? - correct answer 1. Masseter and temporal muscle contracting during chewing. 2. The thought of food. What stimulates gastric emptying? - correct answer Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation What 2 parts of the brain does seeing and smelling food trigger, leading to the secretion of gastric secretions in preparation for the forthcoming food? - correct answer 1. Cerebral cortex 2. Hypothalamus What process occurs in the mouth? (3 answers) - correct answer 1. Ingestion 2. Mechanical digestion 3. Chemical digestion As food is swallowed, which path does it take on the way to the stomach? - correct answer Oropharynx, laryngopharynx, upper esophageal sphincter, esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter As food enters the stomach, G cells secrete ____, which stimulates chief cells to secrete ____ and parietal cells to secrete ____. - correct answer Gastrin; pepsinogen;