EMT FINAL EXAM JB LEARNING.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
When assessing a conscious patient who overdosed on a drug, you should FIRST determine:
A) the patient's weight in kg.
B) the type of medication ingested.
C) when the medication was ingested.
D) if there is a history of prior overdose.
B
While triaging patients at a mass-casualty incident, you encounter a 4-year-old child who is breathing
at a rate of 54 breaths/min. What should you do?
A) Apply high-flow oxygen
B) Tag the child as immediate
C) Assess for distal pulses
D) Ventilate with a bag-mask device
B
A prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the:
A) cord might pull the placenta from the uterine wall during delivery.
B) mother may die of hypoxia due to compromised placental blood flow.
C) cord may be wrapped around the baby's neck, causing strangulation.
D) baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen.
D
Your assessment of the newborn reveals that she has a patent airway, is breathing adequately, and has
a heart rate of 130 beats/min. Her face and trunk are pink, but her hands and feet are cyanotic. You
have clamped and cut the umbilical cord, but the placenta has not yet delivered. You should:
A) massage the lower part of the mother's uterus until the placenta delivers.
B) give the newborn high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport.
C) reassess the newborn every 5 minutes and transport after the placenta delivers.
D) keep the newborn warm, give oxygen to the mother if needed, and transport.
D
A patient overdosed on several drugs and is unresponsive with shallow breathing and facial cyanosis.
As you continue your assessment, the patient suddenly vomits. You should:
A) suction his oropharynx at once.
B) turn the patient onto his side.
C) insert an oropharyngeal airway.
D) begin assisting his ventilations.
,B
A known diabetic female is found unresponsive. Her respirations are rapid and shallow; her skin is
cool, clammy, and pale; and her pulse is rapid and weak. Which of the following would BEST explain
the likely cause of her condition?
A) Insulin overdose
B) Excessive eating
C) High blood sugar
D) Failure to take insulin
A
A 29-year-old pregnant female complains of a severe headache, blurred vision, and swelling of her
hands and feet. Which of the following additional assessment findings would the EMT MOST likely
encounter?
A) Hypertension
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Abdominal pain
D) Vaginal bleeding
A
In which position would you expect a patient with severe dyspnea to be found?
A) Prone
B) Supine
C) Fowler's
D) Lateral recumbent
C
You are caring for a man with terminal cancer when his caretaker presents you with a Physician Order
for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) form. The purpose of this form is to:
A) advise medical providers that resuscitation is not to be attempted.
B) describe acceptable patient interventions in the form of medical orders.
C) enable the caretaker to make healthcare decisions on the patient's behalf.
D) limit the treatment provided to the patient to basic life support care.
B
A 69-year-old man complains of dyspnea that began two days ago and has gotten worse. Which of the
following assessments would give you the MOST information regarding the possible cause of his
dyspnea?
A) Lung sounds
B) Mental status
C) Oxygen saturation
D) Pulse rate and quality
A
,A 73-year-old male presents with confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; absent radial pulses; and a blood
pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. The patient's wife tells you that he has had abdominal pain for a week and
began vomiting a coffee-ground substance yesterday. His past medical history includes hypertension
and gastric ulcer disease. Your MOST immediate concern should be that:
A) his blood glucose level is probably too high.
B) he is bleeding from his gastrointestinal tract.
C) he is in shock and requires prompt transport.
D) his condition requires surgery within 2 hours.
C
Which of the following is an abnormal finding?
A) Heart rate of 80 beats/min in a 3-month-old infant
B) Rapid, irregular breathing in a newly born infant
C) Systolic BP of 100 mm Hg in a 10-year-old child
D) Respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min in a 2-year-old child
A
Unresponsiveness, shallow breathing, and constricted pupils are indicative of which type of drug
overdose?
A) Narcotic
B) Marijuana
C) Barbiturate
D) Amphetamine
A
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause flushed skin?
A) Blood loss
B) Hypothermia
C) Exposure to heat
D) Low blood pressure
C
A 46-year-old man presents with generalized weakness and shortness of breath after he was bitten on
the leg by a rattlesnake. His blood pressure is 106/58 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 112 beats/min.
Treatment for this patient should include:
A) elevation of the affected part and ice packs.
B) splinting and lowering of the affected part.
C) ice packs to the wound and splinting.
D) proximal arterial constricting band and splinting.
B
Which of the following injury mechanisms is associated with hangings?
A) Distraction
B) Subluxation
, C) Axial loading
D) Hyperextension
A
Assessment of an injured man reveals that he opens his eyes when the EMT speaks to him and pulls
his arm away when the EMT palpates it. He knows his name, but cannot remember what happened
and does not know what day it is. He should be assigned a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:
A) 9
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12
C
You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 19-year-old male with a severe airway obstruction when
he becomes unresponsive. After lowering him to the ground and placing him in a supine position, you
should:
A) open his airway and look inside his mouth.
B) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
C) continue abdominal thrusts until ALS responders arrive.
D) assess for a carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds.
B
Sudden cardiac arrest in the adult population MOST often is the result of:
A) myocardial infarction.
B) respiratory failure.
C) a cardiac dysrhythmia.
D) accidental electrocution.
C
A 31-year-old man presents with uncontrolled twitching of his left arm that began shortly after he
experienced an odd taste in his mouth. He denies loss of consciousness and states that this has
happened to him before. What should you suspect?
A) Absence seizure
B) Generalized seizure
C) Simple partial seizure
D) Complex partial seizure
Feedback :
Seizures are classified as being generalized or partial. Generalized seizures are further classified as
being tonic-clonic (formerly called grand mal) or absence (formerly called petit mal) seizures.
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures result from abnormal electrical discharges from large areas of the
brain, usually involving both hemispheres. They are characterized by unconsciousness and generalized
severe twitching of the body's muscles; they last several minutes or longer. Absence seizures are
characterized by a brief lapse of consciousness in which the patient seems to st
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
When assessing a conscious patient who overdosed on a drug, you should FIRST determine:
A) the patient's weight in kg.
B) the type of medication ingested.
C) when the medication was ingested.
D) if there is a history of prior overdose.
B
While triaging patients at a mass-casualty incident, you encounter a 4-year-old child who is breathing
at a rate of 54 breaths/min. What should you do?
A) Apply high-flow oxygen
B) Tag the child as immediate
C) Assess for distal pulses
D) Ventilate with a bag-mask device
B
A prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the:
A) cord might pull the placenta from the uterine wall during delivery.
B) mother may die of hypoxia due to compromised placental blood flow.
C) cord may be wrapped around the baby's neck, causing strangulation.
D) baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen.
D
Your assessment of the newborn reveals that she has a patent airway, is breathing adequately, and has
a heart rate of 130 beats/min. Her face and trunk are pink, but her hands and feet are cyanotic. You
have clamped and cut the umbilical cord, but the placenta has not yet delivered. You should:
A) massage the lower part of the mother's uterus until the placenta delivers.
B) give the newborn high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport.
C) reassess the newborn every 5 minutes and transport after the placenta delivers.
D) keep the newborn warm, give oxygen to the mother if needed, and transport.
D
A patient overdosed on several drugs and is unresponsive with shallow breathing and facial cyanosis.
As you continue your assessment, the patient suddenly vomits. You should:
A) suction his oropharynx at once.
B) turn the patient onto his side.
C) insert an oropharyngeal airway.
D) begin assisting his ventilations.
,B
A known diabetic female is found unresponsive. Her respirations are rapid and shallow; her skin is
cool, clammy, and pale; and her pulse is rapid and weak. Which of the following would BEST explain
the likely cause of her condition?
A) Insulin overdose
B) Excessive eating
C) High blood sugar
D) Failure to take insulin
A
A 29-year-old pregnant female complains of a severe headache, blurred vision, and swelling of her
hands and feet. Which of the following additional assessment findings would the EMT MOST likely
encounter?
A) Hypertension
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Abdominal pain
D) Vaginal bleeding
A
In which position would you expect a patient with severe dyspnea to be found?
A) Prone
B) Supine
C) Fowler's
D) Lateral recumbent
C
You are caring for a man with terminal cancer when his caretaker presents you with a Physician Order
for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) form. The purpose of this form is to:
A) advise medical providers that resuscitation is not to be attempted.
B) describe acceptable patient interventions in the form of medical orders.
C) enable the caretaker to make healthcare decisions on the patient's behalf.
D) limit the treatment provided to the patient to basic life support care.
B
A 69-year-old man complains of dyspnea that began two days ago and has gotten worse. Which of the
following assessments would give you the MOST information regarding the possible cause of his
dyspnea?
A) Lung sounds
B) Mental status
C) Oxygen saturation
D) Pulse rate and quality
A
,A 73-year-old male presents with confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; absent radial pulses; and a blood
pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. The patient's wife tells you that he has had abdominal pain for a week and
began vomiting a coffee-ground substance yesterday. His past medical history includes hypertension
and gastric ulcer disease. Your MOST immediate concern should be that:
A) his blood glucose level is probably too high.
B) he is bleeding from his gastrointestinal tract.
C) he is in shock and requires prompt transport.
D) his condition requires surgery within 2 hours.
C
Which of the following is an abnormal finding?
A) Heart rate of 80 beats/min in a 3-month-old infant
B) Rapid, irregular breathing in a newly born infant
C) Systolic BP of 100 mm Hg in a 10-year-old child
D) Respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min in a 2-year-old child
A
Unresponsiveness, shallow breathing, and constricted pupils are indicative of which type of drug
overdose?
A) Narcotic
B) Marijuana
C) Barbiturate
D) Amphetamine
A
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause flushed skin?
A) Blood loss
B) Hypothermia
C) Exposure to heat
D) Low blood pressure
C
A 46-year-old man presents with generalized weakness and shortness of breath after he was bitten on
the leg by a rattlesnake. His blood pressure is 106/58 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 112 beats/min.
Treatment for this patient should include:
A) elevation of the affected part and ice packs.
B) splinting and lowering of the affected part.
C) ice packs to the wound and splinting.
D) proximal arterial constricting band and splinting.
B
Which of the following injury mechanisms is associated with hangings?
A) Distraction
B) Subluxation
, C) Axial loading
D) Hyperextension
A
Assessment of an injured man reveals that he opens his eyes when the EMT speaks to him and pulls
his arm away when the EMT palpates it. He knows his name, but cannot remember what happened
and does not know what day it is. He should be assigned a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:
A) 9
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12
C
You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 19-year-old male with a severe airway obstruction when
he becomes unresponsive. After lowering him to the ground and placing him in a supine position, you
should:
A) open his airway and look inside his mouth.
B) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
C) continue abdominal thrusts until ALS responders arrive.
D) assess for a carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds.
B
Sudden cardiac arrest in the adult population MOST often is the result of:
A) myocardial infarction.
B) respiratory failure.
C) a cardiac dysrhythmia.
D) accidental electrocution.
C
A 31-year-old man presents with uncontrolled twitching of his left arm that began shortly after he
experienced an odd taste in his mouth. He denies loss of consciousness and states that this has
happened to him before. What should you suspect?
A) Absence seizure
B) Generalized seizure
C) Simple partial seizure
D) Complex partial seizure
Feedback :
Seizures are classified as being generalized or partial. Generalized seizures are further classified as
being tonic-clonic (formerly called grand mal) or absence (formerly called petit mal) seizures.
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures result from abnormal electrical discharges from large areas of the
brain, usually involving both hemispheres. They are characterized by unconsciousness and generalized
severe twitching of the body's muscles; they last several minutes or longer. Absence seizures are
characterized by a brief lapse of consciousness in which the patient seems to st
