Portage Chemistry 103 Module 1 Exam Study
1.1 EXPONENTIAL NUMBERS - The speed of light is 186,000 miles per second. This is
1.86 x 105 (in exponential form)
The diameter of an E. coli cell is 0.00000080 meters = 8.0 x 10-7 (in exponential form)
4950000000. A number larger than one will have a positive exponent. Move the decimal
point nine places to the left to give 4.95 x 109
0.00000000000056 A number smaller than one will have a negative exponent. Move the
decimal point 13 places to the right to give 5.6 x 10-13
1.) 0.00000456 = smaller than 1 = negative exponent, move decimal 6 places = 4.56 x
10-6
2.) 2.63 x 107 = positive exponent = larger than 1, move decimal 7 places = 26300000.
3.) 7800000. = larger than 1 = positive exponent, move decimal 6 places = 7.8 x 106
4.) 8.26 x 10-5 = negative exponent = smaller than 1, move decimal 5 places =
0.0000826
5.) 5.38 x 10-3 = negative exponent = smaller than 1, move decimal 3 places = 0.00538
6.) 0.000673 = smaller than 1 = negative exponent, move decimal 4 places = 6.73 x 10-
4
7.) 3.82 x 104 = positive exponent = larger than 1, move decimal 4 places = 38200.
8.) 623000000. = larger than 1 = positive exponent, move decimal 8 places = 6.23 X
108
1.2: METRIC SYSTEM - UNIT CONVERSIONS - 1 foot (ft)=12 inches (in)
1 kilogram (kg)=1000 grams (g)
1 pound (lb)=16 ounces (oz)
1 gallon (gal)=4 quarts (qt)
1000 milliliters (ml)=1 liter (L)
100 centigrams (cg)=1 gram (g)
10 decimeters (dm)=1 meter (m)
The prefixes kilo (= 1000), milli (= 1/1000), centi (= 1/100), and deci (= 1/10) - are used
with any metric unit, such as grams (weight), liters (volume), and meters (distance).
The original quantity and unit (to be converted) are multiplied by a conversion factor
(which is a fraction made up as follows):
, New unit (on top) / Old unit (on bottom) - 48 ounces = ? pounds
48 o z × 1 p o u n d / 16 o z = 3 p o u n d s
4 kilograms = ? grams
4 Kg X 1000 grams/1kg = 4000 grams
1.) 656 cm x 1 m / 100 cm = 6.56 m
2.) 20 gal x 4 qt / 1 gal = 80 qts
3.) 7820 ml x 1 liter / 1000 ml = 7.82 liters
4.) 36 g x 1000 mg / 1 g = 36000 mg
5.) 25.3 g x 10 dc / 1 g = 253 dg
6.) 6.2 m x 1000 mm / 1 m = 6200 mm
7.) 725 l x 1000 ml / 1 liter = 725,000 ml
8.) 56 ft x 12 in / 1 ft = 672 in
1.3: TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS - 1.) 132 oC + 273 = 405 oK
2.) 132 oF - 32 x 1.8 = 55.6 oC + 273 = 328.6 oK
3.) 285 oK - 273 = 12 oC
4.) 60 oC x 1.8 + 32 = 140 oF
5.) 85 oF - 32 x 1.8 = 29.4 oC
6.) 52 oC + 273 = 325 oK
7.) 32 oC x 1.8 + 32 = 89.6 oF
8.) 412 oK - 273 = 139 oC x 1.8 + 32 = 282.2 oF
K to °C(°C and K differ by 273) - K (larger) - 273 = °C (smaller)
°C to K(°C and K differ by 273) - °C (smaller) + 273 = K (larger)
°F to °C(Subtract 32, and divide by 1.8) - °F - .8 = °C
°C to °F(Multiply by 1.8, and add 32) - °C X 1.8 + 32 = °F
1.4: DENSITY - Density represents the mass of a substance in a unit volume of that
substance. The density of most solids or liquids is expressed in the unit grams per
milliliter (or g/ml).
The following equation is used to calculate density if you know the mass (in grams) and
the volume (in milliliters). - D (g/ml) = M(g) / V(ml)
1.) 35.6 ml = V 1.86 g/ml = D find M = D x V = 1.86 x 35.6 = 66.2 grams
1.1 EXPONENTIAL NUMBERS - The speed of light is 186,000 miles per second. This is
1.86 x 105 (in exponential form)
The diameter of an E. coli cell is 0.00000080 meters = 8.0 x 10-7 (in exponential form)
4950000000. A number larger than one will have a positive exponent. Move the decimal
point nine places to the left to give 4.95 x 109
0.00000000000056 A number smaller than one will have a negative exponent. Move the
decimal point 13 places to the right to give 5.6 x 10-13
1.) 0.00000456 = smaller than 1 = negative exponent, move decimal 6 places = 4.56 x
10-6
2.) 2.63 x 107 = positive exponent = larger than 1, move decimal 7 places = 26300000.
3.) 7800000. = larger than 1 = positive exponent, move decimal 6 places = 7.8 x 106
4.) 8.26 x 10-5 = negative exponent = smaller than 1, move decimal 5 places =
0.0000826
5.) 5.38 x 10-3 = negative exponent = smaller than 1, move decimal 3 places = 0.00538
6.) 0.000673 = smaller than 1 = negative exponent, move decimal 4 places = 6.73 x 10-
4
7.) 3.82 x 104 = positive exponent = larger than 1, move decimal 4 places = 38200.
8.) 623000000. = larger than 1 = positive exponent, move decimal 8 places = 6.23 X
108
1.2: METRIC SYSTEM - UNIT CONVERSIONS - 1 foot (ft)=12 inches (in)
1 kilogram (kg)=1000 grams (g)
1 pound (lb)=16 ounces (oz)
1 gallon (gal)=4 quarts (qt)
1000 milliliters (ml)=1 liter (L)
100 centigrams (cg)=1 gram (g)
10 decimeters (dm)=1 meter (m)
The prefixes kilo (= 1000), milli (= 1/1000), centi (= 1/100), and deci (= 1/10) - are used
with any metric unit, such as grams (weight), liters (volume), and meters (distance).
The original quantity and unit (to be converted) are multiplied by a conversion factor
(which is a fraction made up as follows):
, New unit (on top) / Old unit (on bottom) - 48 ounces = ? pounds
48 o z × 1 p o u n d / 16 o z = 3 p o u n d s
4 kilograms = ? grams
4 Kg X 1000 grams/1kg = 4000 grams
1.) 656 cm x 1 m / 100 cm = 6.56 m
2.) 20 gal x 4 qt / 1 gal = 80 qts
3.) 7820 ml x 1 liter / 1000 ml = 7.82 liters
4.) 36 g x 1000 mg / 1 g = 36000 mg
5.) 25.3 g x 10 dc / 1 g = 253 dg
6.) 6.2 m x 1000 mm / 1 m = 6200 mm
7.) 725 l x 1000 ml / 1 liter = 725,000 ml
8.) 56 ft x 12 in / 1 ft = 672 in
1.3: TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS - 1.) 132 oC + 273 = 405 oK
2.) 132 oF - 32 x 1.8 = 55.6 oC + 273 = 328.6 oK
3.) 285 oK - 273 = 12 oC
4.) 60 oC x 1.8 + 32 = 140 oF
5.) 85 oF - 32 x 1.8 = 29.4 oC
6.) 52 oC + 273 = 325 oK
7.) 32 oC x 1.8 + 32 = 89.6 oF
8.) 412 oK - 273 = 139 oC x 1.8 + 32 = 282.2 oF
K to °C(°C and K differ by 273) - K (larger) - 273 = °C (smaller)
°C to K(°C and K differ by 273) - °C (smaller) + 273 = K (larger)
°F to °C(Subtract 32, and divide by 1.8) - °F - .8 = °C
°C to °F(Multiply by 1.8, and add 32) - °C X 1.8 + 32 = °F
1.4: DENSITY - Density represents the mass of a substance in a unit volume of that
substance. The density of most solids or liquids is expressed in the unit grams per
milliliter (or g/ml).
The following equation is used to calculate density if you know the mass (in grams) and
the volume (in milliliters). - D (g/ml) = M(g) / V(ml)
1.) 35.6 ml = V 1.86 g/ml = D find M = D x V = 1.86 x 35.6 = 66.2 grams
