Internal Organs of Head and Neck summary

Circulatory System, Thoracic Organs
14 February 2023 15:26




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LUNGS
- sternal line
- parasternal line
- clavicular line
- axilla: anterior line, posterior line, middle line; pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
- vertebral line posterior at line of spinous processes
- paravertebral line
- scapular line
- pleura has a visceral layer covering the organs
- parietal layer is the other covering the inside of the thoracic cavity
- pleural membranes have a small space between them with serous fluid for frictionless gliding
- parietal layer lies only on the apex (?)
- apex of lungs leaves superior thoracic aperture and becomes cervical behind clavicle
- cupula (?) is parietal pleura lying on top of the apex of lung
- form a v shape
- sternal angle at 2nd rib
- right lung follows line of projection of sixth rib costal angle at mid clavicular line
- at axillary line it reaches 8th rib
- three lobes
- left lung: lateral curvation of the line
- two lobes - cardiac curvation
- volume changes with breathing
- recesses: where pleura expands to for breathing
- costal part of parietal pleura
- costomediastinal recess
- no difference in cupula and reflection of pleura at apex
- medially the pleura extends 1cm more on the right side
- in mid clavicular line right lung touches 7th rib during inspiration
- at axillary line touches 9th rib during inspiration
- 11th rib in scapular and vertebral lines
- costodiaphragmagic recess is larger
- cardiac notch on left side of lung

HEART

- apex points inferior anterior and left
- 3rd rib medially both sides
- connect lines
- medially curving line - left atrium
- laterally curving line - right ventricle lying on the diaphragm
- percussion!
- above lung: resonant sound, clear
- part of heart not covered by lung tissue -> absolute dullness
- right ventricle: relative dullness
- mediastinal parietal part of left pleura covers heart under right lung

Mediastinum

- sagitally located space
- anterior wall: sternal part
- posterior wall: vertebral column
- lower border: diaphragm
- superior: thoracic inlet (it is open)
- lateral wall: mediastinal layers of the parietal pleura
- divided into posterior, anterior, middle sections
- in front of heart: narrow anterior
- heart is found in middle mediastinum
- posterior: aorta, oesophagus, thoracic duct, loose connective tissue
- infection spreads very rapidly in the loose connective tissue
- supracardiac mediastinum contains thymus gland
Homework
- detail of lungs and trachea
- illustration of parietal pleura above and below the root of the tongue

From <https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/FMfcgzGrcrnmghJXLzRRPkPLNWBNRvjz >




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