Test Bank - Focus on Nursing Pharmacology (8th Edition by Karch)
1. The nursing instructor is talking with students about the renal system. What would
the instructor tell the students about the renal system, especially how it helps
maintain calcium levels in the body by regulating the activation of what?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin D
Ans: D
Feedback:
The renal system has four major functions in the body. One is regulating vitamin D
activation, which helps maintain and regulate calcium levels. Vitamins A, B, and C
are not associated with this function.
2. The patient has just been diagnosed with acute renal failure. The patient asks the
nurse what part of his or her kidneys is involved. What would the nurse reply?
a. Glomerulus
b. Renal pelves
c. Nephron
d. Renal capsule
Ans: C
Feedback:
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. There are about 2.4 million nephrons
in an adult. These structures filter fluid and make urine. The glomerulus is a tuft of
blood vessels with a capillary- like endothelium that allows easy passage of fluid and
waste products. The renal pelves are in a region of the kidney that drains urine into
the ureters. The renal capsule is a protective layer, which is made up of the fiber layer,
a perirenal or brown fat layer, and the renal parietal layer.
3. A patient who has just been told that he or she needs to go on dialysis asks the
nurse what the normal output of urine is per day. What would be the nurse’s best
response?
a. 2,000 mL
b. 3,000 mL
c. 4,000 mL
d. 5,000 mL
, Ans: A
Feedback:
Approximately 125 mL of fluid is filtered out of the glomerulus each minute. About
99% is returned to the blood stream as the filtrate progresses through the renal tubule.
Approximately 1% or 2,000 mL of fluid is excreted each day in the form of urine. The
other options are not correct.
4. The anatomy class is learning about the countercurrent mechanism in the
medullary nephrons. What would the students learn about this mechanism and
what it acts to do?
a. Promote sodium excretion
b. Concentrate or dilute the urine
c. Block the effects of aldosterone
d. Stimulate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release
Ans: B
Feedback:
The countercurrent mechanism in the medullary nephrons acts to concentrate or dilute
urine. It does not promote sodium excretion nor does it block the effects of
aldosterone. This mechanism does not stimulate ADH release.
5. The physiology instructor explains that the nephrons are fragile and require a
constant supply of blood and oxygen. What compensatory mechanisms work to
maintain this supply?
a. The reninangiotensin system, causing vasoconstriction
b. Baroreceptor monitoring of the renal artery
c. Increased sweating when total water volume becomes too great
d. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release in response to increased blood volume
or decreased osmolarity
Ans: A
Feedback:
The reninangiotensin system causes vasoconstriction to improve blood flow to the
fragile nephrons. Baroreceptors are not found in the renal artery. Increased sweating is
not a reflex reaction to increased total body water. ADH is released in response to
decreased blood volume and increased osmolarity.
6. The nursing instructor is discussing anemia. The instructor explains about when a
person has chronic renal failure; how it leads to a decrease in the production of red
blood cells and so the person becomes anemic. This anemia is usually caused by a
loss of what?
a. Erythropoietin
b. Hydrogen ions
1. The nursing instructor is talking with students about the renal system. What would
the instructor tell the students about the renal system, especially how it helps
maintain calcium levels in the body by regulating the activation of what?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin D
Ans: D
Feedback:
The renal system has four major functions in the body. One is regulating vitamin D
activation, which helps maintain and regulate calcium levels. Vitamins A, B, and C
are not associated with this function.
2. The patient has just been diagnosed with acute renal failure. The patient asks the
nurse what part of his or her kidneys is involved. What would the nurse reply?
a. Glomerulus
b. Renal pelves
c. Nephron
d. Renal capsule
Ans: C
Feedback:
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. There are about 2.4 million nephrons
in an adult. These structures filter fluid and make urine. The glomerulus is a tuft of
blood vessels with a capillary- like endothelium that allows easy passage of fluid and
waste products. The renal pelves are in a region of the kidney that drains urine into
the ureters. The renal capsule is a protective layer, which is made up of the fiber layer,
a perirenal or brown fat layer, and the renal parietal layer.
3. A patient who has just been told that he or she needs to go on dialysis asks the
nurse what the normal output of urine is per day. What would be the nurse’s best
response?
a. 2,000 mL
b. 3,000 mL
c. 4,000 mL
d. 5,000 mL
, Ans: A
Feedback:
Approximately 125 mL of fluid is filtered out of the glomerulus each minute. About
99% is returned to the blood stream as the filtrate progresses through the renal tubule.
Approximately 1% or 2,000 mL of fluid is excreted each day in the form of urine. The
other options are not correct.
4. The anatomy class is learning about the countercurrent mechanism in the
medullary nephrons. What would the students learn about this mechanism and
what it acts to do?
a. Promote sodium excretion
b. Concentrate or dilute the urine
c. Block the effects of aldosterone
d. Stimulate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release
Ans: B
Feedback:
The countercurrent mechanism in the medullary nephrons acts to concentrate or dilute
urine. It does not promote sodium excretion nor does it block the effects of
aldosterone. This mechanism does not stimulate ADH release.
5. The physiology instructor explains that the nephrons are fragile and require a
constant supply of blood and oxygen. What compensatory mechanisms work to
maintain this supply?
a. The reninangiotensin system, causing vasoconstriction
b. Baroreceptor monitoring of the renal artery
c. Increased sweating when total water volume becomes too great
d. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release in response to increased blood volume
or decreased osmolarity
Ans: A
Feedback:
The reninangiotensin system causes vasoconstriction to improve blood flow to the
fragile nephrons. Baroreceptors are not found in the renal artery. Increased sweating is
not a reflex reaction to increased total body water. ADH is released in response to
decreased blood volume and increased osmolarity.
6. The nursing instructor is discussing anemia. The instructor explains about when a
person has chronic renal failure; how it leads to a decrease in the production of red
blood cells and so the person becomes anemic. This anemia is usually caused by a
loss of what?
a. Erythropoietin
b. Hydrogen ions
