NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology

NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Clinical implication for Beta blockers? (book) Atrial fibrillation, chronic left heart failure or reduced ejection fraction Beta Blockers (book) reduce myocardial demand. By blocking beta receptors. Myocardial contractility is a change in developed tension at a given resting fiber length, which is simply the ability of the heart muscle to shorten. At the molecular level, thin filaments of actin slide over thick filaments of myosin called the cross-bridge cycle of muscle contraction. (video) Calcium interacts with troponin C which causes tropomyosin to move thus allowing actin and myosin to work together to cause contraction. Explain the difference between cardiac hemodynamic measures Video Lecture: Cardiac Output Cardiac output is the amount of blood pushed from the left ventricle in 1 minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart rate in beats per minute by the stroke volume. Right Heart (book) pumps blood through the lungs Left Heart (book) sends blood throughout the systemic circulation, which supplies all of the body except the lungs. Arteries (hint A for away) (Book) carry blood (away) from the heart to all parts of the body, where they branch into arterioles and even smaller vessels until they become a fine meshwork of capillaries. Capillaries (Book) allow the closest contact and exchange between the blood and the interstitial space, or interstitium—the environment in which the cells live Venules and the veins (Book) carry blood from capillaries back to the heart. Lymph (Book) is returned to the cardiovascular system by vessels of the lymphatic system. Blood flow through the heart chambers/valves (Book) The right heart pumps de-oxygenated blood through to the right atriumthrough the tricuspid valve right ventriclepulmonary semilunar valvepulmonary arteryLungs (now oxygenated blood)Pulmonary veinsLeft AtriumBicuspid or Mitral valveLeft VentricleAortic Semilunar ValveAorta The coronary arteries provide blood to which part of the heart. (Book) The myocardium and other heart structures are supplied with oxygen and nutrients by the coronary circulation What are the two major coronary arteries? (Book) The major coronary arteries are the right coronary artery (RCA) and the left coronary artery (LCA)