WEEK 1:
Learning Objective 1 (LO1): Define Anatomy and
Physiology
Homeostasis:
➔ Ability of the body to regulate its own internal environment.
Anatomy: b ody structures and the relationship between them
Subdivision of anatomy:
Gross or macroscopic Study of large body structures that are visible to the naked eye/
microscopic Cytology and histology
developmental Study of structure changes of the body throughout the lifespan
Embryology: development change before birth.
Physiology: science of body functions → how the body parts work.
,➔ Learning objective 2: List the different levels of structural
organization in the body:
1)chemical level: atoms and molecules --> multiple atoms
come together to form molecules.
- Consist of atoms → smallest unit of matter that is
involved in a chemical reaction. → atoms include carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogens phosphorus , calcium, and
sulphur.
- Consist of molecules: two or more atoms joined
together. → certain molecules include deoxyribonucleic
acid and glucose (blood sugar)
molecules such as dna and glucose.
2) CELLULAR LEVEL: molecules combine to form cells→ cells
are the basic structural and functional unit of an organism that
are composed of chemicals .
,→ different types of cells in the body these include → -smooth
muscle cells, rbc and nerve cell, and epithelial cells.
3) Tissue level:
➔ from there cells form tissue.
➔ Tissues are groups of cells and the material that
surrounds them → these work together to perform a
particular function.
➔ 4 types of tissue types:
- muscular tissue: contract to make body parts
move and generate heat.
- Epithelial tissues: c overs body surfaces , line
hollow organs and cavities and form glands.
- Connective tissue: support and protects body
organs while distribtuing blood vessels to other
tissue.
- Nervous tissue: carries information from one part
of the body to another through nerve impulses.
- epithelial , nervous and connective tissue
4) organ level:
➔ tissues join together to make up organs → made up of
two or more different types of tissues.
➔ STOMACH as an organ: → made up of different tissues.
-
5)system level:
➔ multiple organs come together to form a system:
➔ digestive system: with different organs o work together
for digestion → break down food and absorb it.
6) organismal level: where all systems come together to form
one living organism.
, Learning Objective 3 (LO3): Briefly describe the key functions of
the major organ systems
Learning Objective 1 (LO1): Define Anatomy and
Physiology
Homeostasis:
➔ Ability of the body to regulate its own internal environment.
Anatomy: b ody structures and the relationship between them
Subdivision of anatomy:
Gross or macroscopic Study of large body structures that are visible to the naked eye/
microscopic Cytology and histology
developmental Study of structure changes of the body throughout the lifespan
Embryology: development change before birth.
Physiology: science of body functions → how the body parts work.
,➔ Learning objective 2: List the different levels of structural
organization in the body:
1)chemical level: atoms and molecules --> multiple atoms
come together to form molecules.
- Consist of atoms → smallest unit of matter that is
involved in a chemical reaction. → atoms include carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogens phosphorus , calcium, and
sulphur.
- Consist of molecules: two or more atoms joined
together. → certain molecules include deoxyribonucleic
acid and glucose (blood sugar)
molecules such as dna and glucose.
2) CELLULAR LEVEL: molecules combine to form cells→ cells
are the basic structural and functional unit of an organism that
are composed of chemicals .
,→ different types of cells in the body these include → -smooth
muscle cells, rbc and nerve cell, and epithelial cells.
3) Tissue level:
➔ from there cells form tissue.
➔ Tissues are groups of cells and the material that
surrounds them → these work together to perform a
particular function.
➔ 4 types of tissue types:
- muscular tissue: contract to make body parts
move and generate heat.
- Epithelial tissues: c overs body surfaces , line
hollow organs and cavities and form glands.
- Connective tissue: support and protects body
organs while distribtuing blood vessels to other
tissue.
- Nervous tissue: carries information from one part
of the body to another through nerve impulses.
- epithelial , nervous and connective tissue
4) organ level:
➔ tissues join together to make up organs → made up of
two or more different types of tissues.
➔ STOMACH as an organ: → made up of different tissues.
-
5)system level:
➔ multiple organs come together to form a system:
➔ digestive system: with different organs o work together
for digestion → break down food and absorb it.
6) organismal level: where all systems come together to form
one living organism.
, Learning Objective 3 (LO3): Briefly describe the key functions of
the major organ systems
