CHAPTER 3: BASIC GERIATRICS NURSING
(QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)
Heredity, enviroment, health maintantence.
3 things that significantly affect the timing and magnitude of age related changes.
Arthritis
The leading cause of disability in the United States.
Heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's,
pneumonia
According to the CDC, these are the leading causes of death in the United States (in order)
Senile Lentigo
Clusters of melanocytes form areas of deepened pigmentation. AKA age/liver spots.
Seborrheic Keratosis
Slightly raised, wart-like macules wit distinct edges. Color: tan- black. Mostly seen on the upper body.
May cause discomfort and itching
Cutaneous Papilloma
Small, brown, or flesh colored projections of the skin that are most often observed on the neck AKA
skin tags
Xeriois
Most common skin complaint of the older adult. AKA dry skin
Pruritus
Medical name for itching
Senile pupura
Red, purple, brown areas commonly seen on the legs or the arms caused by capillary walls becoming
to fragile with age.
Basal cell carcinoma
Precancerous or cancerous condition that is observed in older adults who have spent significant
amounts of time in the sun
Melanoma
The unusual appearance of moles.
Irregular shape & boarder.
Change in size & color.
Symptoms: itching and bleeding may occur
Pressure ulcers
Break down of skin and tissue over bony prominences.
, Rosacea
Redness, dilated superficial BV, and small pimples on the nose and the center of the face. If this is left
untreated it could lead to swelling and conjunctivitis.
Lifestyle modification:
Avoid stress, extreme heat, sun exposure, spicy foods & alcohol
Treatment for Rosacea
Hypothermia
This is seen when insulation is lost by the subcutaneous and adipose tissue and older adult is put into
an enviroment that is too cold
Bone
Calcium, phosphorus, and protein make up:
Calcium
Necessary for the bone strength, muscle and myocardial contraction, blood clotting and neuronal
activity.
Dairy products and dark green leafy veggies
Calcium is normally obtained by eating
Vitamin D
Needed for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus through the small instestine
Calcitonin
Produced by the thyroid gland. Slows the movement of calcium from the bones to the blood stream,
lowering the blood calcium level.
Isometric exercise
Muscle contraction without body movement.
Isotonic exercise
Muscle contraction with body movement.
Aerobic exercise
Isotonic exercise that last 30 min or longer. This strengthens the skeletal, cardiac and respiratory
muscles
Kyphosis
Stooped or hunch back appearance with the head going forward toward the chest. This happens
when the intervertebral disk shrink as the thoracic vertebrae change.
(QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)
Heredity, enviroment, health maintantence.
3 things that significantly affect the timing and magnitude of age related changes.
Arthritis
The leading cause of disability in the United States.
Heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's,
pneumonia
According to the CDC, these are the leading causes of death in the United States (in order)
Senile Lentigo
Clusters of melanocytes form areas of deepened pigmentation. AKA age/liver spots.
Seborrheic Keratosis
Slightly raised, wart-like macules wit distinct edges. Color: tan- black. Mostly seen on the upper body.
May cause discomfort and itching
Cutaneous Papilloma
Small, brown, or flesh colored projections of the skin that are most often observed on the neck AKA
skin tags
Xeriois
Most common skin complaint of the older adult. AKA dry skin
Pruritus
Medical name for itching
Senile pupura
Red, purple, brown areas commonly seen on the legs or the arms caused by capillary walls becoming
to fragile with age.
Basal cell carcinoma
Precancerous or cancerous condition that is observed in older adults who have spent significant
amounts of time in the sun
Melanoma
The unusual appearance of moles.
Irregular shape & boarder.
Change in size & color.
Symptoms: itching and bleeding may occur
Pressure ulcers
Break down of skin and tissue over bony prominences.
, Rosacea
Redness, dilated superficial BV, and small pimples on the nose and the center of the face. If this is left
untreated it could lead to swelling and conjunctivitis.
Lifestyle modification:
Avoid stress, extreme heat, sun exposure, spicy foods & alcohol
Treatment for Rosacea
Hypothermia
This is seen when insulation is lost by the subcutaneous and adipose tissue and older adult is put into
an enviroment that is too cold
Bone
Calcium, phosphorus, and protein make up:
Calcium
Necessary for the bone strength, muscle and myocardial contraction, blood clotting and neuronal
activity.
Dairy products and dark green leafy veggies
Calcium is normally obtained by eating
Vitamin D
Needed for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus through the small instestine
Calcitonin
Produced by the thyroid gland. Slows the movement of calcium from the bones to the blood stream,
lowering the blood calcium level.
Isometric exercise
Muscle contraction without body movement.
Isotonic exercise
Muscle contraction with body movement.
Aerobic exercise
Isotonic exercise that last 30 min or longer. This strengthens the skeletal, cardiac and respiratory
muscles
Kyphosis
Stooped or hunch back appearance with the head going forward toward the chest. This happens
when the intervertebral disk shrink as the thoracic vertebrae change.
