PENN FOSTOR VETERINARY
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2024-2025
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS GRADED A+
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs - ANS-
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ANS-Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the
synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from
acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - ANS-Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators,
decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - ANS-NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines,
muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs - ANS-
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs - ANS-
,Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ANS-Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or
inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them
from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health - ANS-
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control - ANS-keeping the staff informed regarding
discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from the vendor,
packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly,
maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and counting,
receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: Agonist - ANS-Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication - ANS-A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy - ANS-the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: Over-the-counter drug - ANS-One that may be purchased without prescription from a
veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug - ANS-One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina
Define: Receptor - ANS-a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce
an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index - ANS-expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful
effects
Define: Withdrawl Time - ANS-Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and
elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
,Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - ANS-Relationship that must exist between the vet, the
patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - ANS-Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic
products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - ANS-Dose, route, frequency, and duration of
administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be
shown to exist - ANS-1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health
of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders - ANS-To carry out the vet's
orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being administered and
should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects
and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion - ANS-Drug is
absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may
exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation and
enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the
cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to
liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - ANS-Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular,
intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - ANS-Method of absorption, pH of the drug and
ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of drug, dosage form, status of
GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
, Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - ANS-Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - ANS-Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ - ANS-Receptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called - ANS-
Trade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - ANS-names (generic and trade)
concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health
products? - ANS-FDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? - ANS-Profit
earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products - ANS-Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or
generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate veterinarians and under another
as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ - ANS-The Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? - ANS-Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in
animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of
congress? - ANS-Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding - ANS-Diluting or combingin existing drugs
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2024-2025
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS GRADED A+
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs - ANS-
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ANS-Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the
synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from
acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - ANS-Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators,
decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - ANS-NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines,
muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs - ANS-
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs - ANS-
,Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ANS-Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or
inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them
from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health - ANS-
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control - ANS-keeping the staff informed regarding
discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from the vendor,
packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly,
maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and counting,
receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: Agonist - ANS-Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication - ANS-A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy - ANS-the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: Over-the-counter drug - ANS-One that may be purchased without prescription from a
veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug - ANS-One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina
Define: Receptor - ANS-a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce
an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index - ANS-expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful
effects
Define: Withdrawl Time - ANS-Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and
elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
,Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - ANS-Relationship that must exist between the vet, the
patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - ANS-Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic
products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - ANS-Dose, route, frequency, and duration of
administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be
shown to exist - ANS-1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health
of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders - ANS-To carry out the vet's
orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being administered and
should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects
and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion - ANS-Drug is
absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may
exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation and
enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the
cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to
liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - ANS-Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular,
intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - ANS-Method of absorption, pH of the drug and
ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of drug, dosage form, status of
GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
, Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - ANS-Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - ANS-Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ - ANS-Receptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called - ANS-
Trade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - ANS-names (generic and trade)
concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health
products? - ANS-FDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? - ANS-Profit
earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products - ANS-Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or
generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate veterinarians and under another
as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ - ANS-The Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? - ANS-Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in
animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of
congress? - ANS-Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding - ANS-Diluting or combingin existing drugs
