PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK,
Complete Questions & Answers (2022)
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings. The remaining options
are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is
contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome.
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity.
The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
Page 1 of 949
,3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CenOMperoxide
(H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes
that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates
in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful
oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted
into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes
are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it
is released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
Page 2 of 949
, The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of
the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a
release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other
options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive
enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the
release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the
nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is
transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in
an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the
nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is
transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is
transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not
correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase
(G = gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis)
and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis),
Page 3 of 949
, during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M);
and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic
division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell
membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Page 4 of 949
Complete Questions & Answers (2022)
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings. The remaining options
are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is
contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome.
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity.
The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
Page 1 of 949
,3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CenOMperoxide
(H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes
that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates
in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful
oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted
into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes
are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it
is released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
Page 2 of 949
, The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of
the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a
release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other
options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive
enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the
release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the
nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is
transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in
an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the
nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is
transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is
transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not
correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase
(G = gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis)
and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis),
Page 3 of 949
, during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M);
and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic
division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell
membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Page 4 of 949
