Design of earthworks material
You are a designer. There are two different soils at a given site and each of the soil should be used. Your
task is to determine the suitability of the two different soils as capping layer. Note, that capping layer
should be frost resistance and well-graded.
The followings must be determined for each soil:
• general applicability as fill material (M category),
• excavatability and compactibility (digging and T category),
• erosivity, permeability and frost susceptibility (E, V and X category) ,
Answer the following questions:
• Are the given materials suitable for the defined purpose?
• If not, what mixing ratio should be used to satisfy the requirements?
• What type of technology can be applied for construction?
Given data:
Table 1 Upper layer data
1- Soil -upper layer
Particle 63 16 8 4 2 1 0,5 0,2 0,1 0,063 0,02
Diameter (mm)
Percent of 100 96 93 85 70 47 32 18 10 8 2
Passing (%)
Table 2 Bottom layer data
2- Soil-bottom layer
Particle Diameter (mm) 2 1 0,5 0,2 0,1 0,063 0,02 0,01 0,002
Percent of Passing (%) 100 92 84 78 60 49 27
Table 3 Given soils parameters
1- Soil (upper layer) 2- Soil (bottom layer)
w (%) 5 11
k (m/s) 10 -3 10 -6
Classification of the soils:
1. Soil (upper soil)
▪ Particle distribution
1- Soil -upper layer
1
, Particle 63 16 8 4 2 1 0,5 0,2 0,1 0,063 0,02
Diameter (mm)
Percent of 100 96 93 85 70 47 32 18 10 8 2
Passing (%)
Figure 1. Soil upper soil particle size distribution curve
1 TREND function (the function is used to calculate a
The following values were calculated in the Excel sheet using
linear trend line through a given set of dependent y-values and, optionally, a set of independent x-values and return
values along the trend line
Table 4 Partic Size D(mm) Upper soil
D60 1.565
𝐷60 1.565
C𝑢 = = = 15.65 D30 0.457
𝐷10 0.1
D10 0.1
𝐷302 0.4572
C𝑐 = = = 0.013
𝐷60 × 𝐷10 1.565 × 0.1
▪ Determining the soil type using the Triangular diagram:
As the the figure no. 2 shows the type of sil is grSa
Table6.Components of the upper soil (1. soil)
1.soil (upper soil)
Component Percentage (%)
gravel 30
sand 62
silt 8
clay 0
2
You are a designer. There are two different soils at a given site and each of the soil should be used. Your
task is to determine the suitability of the two different soils as capping layer. Note, that capping layer
should be frost resistance and well-graded.
The followings must be determined for each soil:
• general applicability as fill material (M category),
• excavatability and compactibility (digging and T category),
• erosivity, permeability and frost susceptibility (E, V and X category) ,
Answer the following questions:
• Are the given materials suitable for the defined purpose?
• If not, what mixing ratio should be used to satisfy the requirements?
• What type of technology can be applied for construction?
Given data:
Table 1 Upper layer data
1- Soil -upper layer
Particle 63 16 8 4 2 1 0,5 0,2 0,1 0,063 0,02
Diameter (mm)
Percent of 100 96 93 85 70 47 32 18 10 8 2
Passing (%)
Table 2 Bottom layer data
2- Soil-bottom layer
Particle Diameter (mm) 2 1 0,5 0,2 0,1 0,063 0,02 0,01 0,002
Percent of Passing (%) 100 92 84 78 60 49 27
Table 3 Given soils parameters
1- Soil (upper layer) 2- Soil (bottom layer)
w (%) 5 11
k (m/s) 10 -3 10 -6
Classification of the soils:
1. Soil (upper soil)
▪ Particle distribution
1- Soil -upper layer
1
, Particle 63 16 8 4 2 1 0,5 0,2 0,1 0,063 0,02
Diameter (mm)
Percent of 100 96 93 85 70 47 32 18 10 8 2
Passing (%)
Figure 1. Soil upper soil particle size distribution curve
1 TREND function (the function is used to calculate a
The following values were calculated in the Excel sheet using
linear trend line through a given set of dependent y-values and, optionally, a set of independent x-values and return
values along the trend line
Table 4 Partic Size D(mm) Upper soil
D60 1.565
𝐷60 1.565
C𝑢 = = = 15.65 D30 0.457
𝐷10 0.1
D10 0.1
𝐷302 0.4572
C𝑐 = = = 0.013
𝐷60 × 𝐷10 1.565 × 0.1
▪ Determining the soil type using the Triangular diagram:
As the the figure no. 2 shows the type of sil is grSa
Table6.Components of the upper soil (1. soil)
1.soil (upper soil)
Component Percentage (%)
gravel 30
sand 62
silt 8
clay 0
2
