AQA A-Level Biology (new spec) Unit 1A - Biological Molecules questions and answers well illustrated.

AQA A-Level Biology (new spec) Unit 1A - Biological Molecules questions and answers well illustrated. Monomers - correct answer.Small basic molecular units Examples of monomers - correct accharides, amino acids and nucleotides Polymers - correct answer.Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together Examples of polymers - correct answer.Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids What type of sugar is glucose? - correct answer.Hexose How many types of glucose are there? - correct answer.2 What are the names of the types of glucose? - correct answer.Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose Structure of Alpha Glucose - correct answer. Structure of Beta Glucose - correct answer. Are the types of glucose isomers? - correct answer.Yes What is a condensation reaction? - correct answer.When 2 molecules join together with the formation of a new chemical bond, releasing a water molecule Condensation reactions join which molecules? - correct answer.Monosaccharides What type of chemical bond forms between 2 monosaccharides? - correct answer.Glycosidic What is formed when 2 monosaccharides join together? - correct answer.Disaccharide Which 2 molecules make maltose? - correct answer.Alpha glucose and alpha glucose What is sucrose made from? - correct answer.Alpha glucose and fructose Which 2 molecules make lactose? - correct answer.Alpha glucose and galactose What is a hydrolysis reaction? - correct answer.When 2 molecules are broken apart using a water molecule What is broken down by hydrolysis to form monosaccharides? - correct answer.Carbohydrates Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars I - correct answer.Add Benedict's reagent to a sample and add it to a water bath which is boiling Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars II - correct answer.If the test is positive, it will form a coloured precipitate, if it's negative, it'll stay blue Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars I - correct answer.Get a new sample of the test solution, add DILUTE HCl and heat it in a water bath that has been brought to the boil Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars II - correct answer.Neutralise the solution with sodium hydrogencarbonate Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars III - correct answer.Carry out the Benedict's test as normal Polysaccharide - correct answer.Formed when more than 2 monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions Function of Starch - correct answer.Energy store What makes up starch? - correct answer.Amylose and amylopectin Structure of amylose - correct answer.Long, unbranched chain of alpha-glucose; has a coiled structure, making it compact and good for storage Structure of amylopectin - correct answer.Long, branched chain of alpha-glucose, side branches allow the enzymes that break the molecule down to access the bonds easily, meaning glucose can be released quickly Features of starch - correct answer.Insoluble in water, doesn't affect water potential so water doesn't enter the cell, which would make them swell The iodine test - correct answer.Add iodine dissolved in potassium iodide solution to the test sample. If starch is present, sample turns from brown/orange to dark blue/black colour What do animals store glucose as? - correct answer.Glycogen What structure is glycogen similar to? - correct answer.Amylopectin, except it has more side branches, meaning stored glucose can released quickly, very compact What is a major component of cell walls in plants? - correct answer.Cellulose Structure of cellulose - correct answer.Long unbranched chains of beta glucose What is formed when beta glucose molecules bond? - correct answer.Straight cellulose chains Advantage of cellulose chains - correct answer.They're linked together by hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils, providing structural support for cells Structure of a triglyceride - correct answer. What are triglyceride tails made of? - correct answer.Hydrocarbons Are the triglyceride tails hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - correct answer.Hydrophobic Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water? - correct answer.Insoluble What's the basic structure of a fatty acid? - correct answer. Triglycerides are formed by what type of reaction? - correct answer.Condensation What is a saturated fatty acid? - correct answer.A fatty acid with no double bonds between the carbon atoms What is an unsaturated fatty acid? - correct answer.A fatty acid with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms What's the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid? - correct answer.A triglyceride has 3 fatty acid tails. A phospholipid has 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol Is the phosphate group hydrophilic or hydrophobic? - correct answer.Hydrophilic Triglycerides are used as what? - correct answer.Energy storage molecules