Ultrasound Physics – Equations &
Formulas with Questions & Correct
answers 2024-2025. Graded A+
(Z2 - Z1 / Z2 + Z1) ^2 x 100 - ANSIntensity Reflection Coefficient
= Bandwidth - ANSLateral Resolution
1 / F - ANSPeriod
1 / PRP - ANSPulse Repetition Frequency
1 / T - ANSFrequency
1 /PRF - ANSPulse Repetition Period
77 cm/ms x fD / fo x Cosθ - ANSVelocity
ac x L - ANSAttenuation (Loss)
Average Flow Speeds x Tube diameter x density / viscosity - ANSReynold's Number
BW / fo - ANSFractional Bandwidth
C / F - ANSWavelength
Depth = C x RT time / 2
Distance/depth = RT time / 13 - ANSRange
Depth x PRF ≤ 77 cm/ms - ANSPulse
f (ʎ)
C = B / ρ - ANSPropagation Speed
fD (kHz) = fo x 2 x V x Cosθ / C - ANSDoppler Equation
FD = Fr - Fi - ANSDoppler Effect
FD = Fr - Fi - ANSDoppler Shift
, Fo / BW - ANSQuality Factor
fo = Ct / 2 x Th - ANSOperating Frequency
FR = 77,000 / Pen x LPF x n - ANSColor Frame Rate
ITC = Transmitted intensity / incident intensity
ITC = 1 - IRC
%: IRC + ITC = 100%
Deci.: IRC + ITC = 1 - ANSIntensity Transmission Coefficient
ʎ x n / 2 - ANSSpatial Pulse Length
NL = PRF / 2 - ANSAliasing
NZL = (aperture)2 x Frequency / 4 x C
NZL = (Aperture)2 x Frequency 6 (4 x 1.54) - ANSSound Beam
Original/Incident Intensity = (Ii) x IRC - ANSTransmitted Intensity
Original/Incident Intensity = (Ir) x IRC - ANSReflected Intensity
P / A - ANSIntensity
PD / PRP x 100 - ANSDuty Factor
Pen x n x LPF x FR ≤ 77,000 cm/s - ANSTemporal Resolution
pr / √ f - ANSMechanical Index
PRF = n x LPF x FR - ANSTemporal Resolution (Time)
Q = Pressure difference / Resistance to flow - ANSVolumetric Flow Rate
Q = ΔP x π x d x L x η - ANSPoiseuille's Equation
SPL / 2 - ANSAxial Resolution
T x n - ANSPulse Duration
True negative / false positive and true negative - ANSSpecificity
true positive / true positive and false negative - ANSSensitivity
True positive and true negative / TP + FP + TN + FN - ANSAccuracy
Formulas with Questions & Correct
answers 2024-2025. Graded A+
(Z2 - Z1 / Z2 + Z1) ^2 x 100 - ANSIntensity Reflection Coefficient
= Bandwidth - ANSLateral Resolution
1 / F - ANSPeriod
1 / PRP - ANSPulse Repetition Frequency
1 / T - ANSFrequency
1 /PRF - ANSPulse Repetition Period
77 cm/ms x fD / fo x Cosθ - ANSVelocity
ac x L - ANSAttenuation (Loss)
Average Flow Speeds x Tube diameter x density / viscosity - ANSReynold's Number
BW / fo - ANSFractional Bandwidth
C / F - ANSWavelength
Depth = C x RT time / 2
Distance/depth = RT time / 13 - ANSRange
Depth x PRF ≤ 77 cm/ms - ANSPulse
f (ʎ)
C = B / ρ - ANSPropagation Speed
fD (kHz) = fo x 2 x V x Cosθ / C - ANSDoppler Equation
FD = Fr - Fi - ANSDoppler Effect
FD = Fr - Fi - ANSDoppler Shift
, Fo / BW - ANSQuality Factor
fo = Ct / 2 x Th - ANSOperating Frequency
FR = 77,000 / Pen x LPF x n - ANSColor Frame Rate
ITC = Transmitted intensity / incident intensity
ITC = 1 - IRC
%: IRC + ITC = 100%
Deci.: IRC + ITC = 1 - ANSIntensity Transmission Coefficient
ʎ x n / 2 - ANSSpatial Pulse Length
NL = PRF / 2 - ANSAliasing
NZL = (aperture)2 x Frequency / 4 x C
NZL = (Aperture)2 x Frequency 6 (4 x 1.54) - ANSSound Beam
Original/Incident Intensity = (Ii) x IRC - ANSTransmitted Intensity
Original/Incident Intensity = (Ir) x IRC - ANSReflected Intensity
P / A - ANSIntensity
PD / PRP x 100 - ANSDuty Factor
Pen x n x LPF x FR ≤ 77,000 cm/s - ANSTemporal Resolution
pr / √ f - ANSMechanical Index
PRF = n x LPF x FR - ANSTemporal Resolution (Time)
Q = Pressure difference / Resistance to flow - ANSVolumetric Flow Rate
Q = ΔP x π x d x L x η - ANSPoiseuille's Equation
SPL / 2 - ANSAxial Resolution
T x n - ANSPulse Duration
True negative / false positive and true negative - ANSSpecificity
true positive / true positive and false negative - ANSSensitivity
True positive and true negative / TP + FP + TN + FN - ANSAccuracy
