BIOL2200 Midsemester Exam | 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What is the DNA -> RNA process? - ✔✔RNA polymerase I creates a transcript. This is primary RNA with 5'
cap and 3' with poly(a) site. Maturation of RNA includes cleaving at the poly(a) site and RNA splicing of
introns to leave matureRNA.
What is the mRNA to protein process? - ✔✔Codons run through ribosome in 3 base pairs. A
corresponding tRNA recognises 3 base pair and brings with it conjugate bases and an AA. This adds the
relevant AA for every 3 base pair, creating a polypeptide.
What is a definition for scientific misconduct? - ✔✔Intentional or gross negligence leading to falsification
of the scientific message or false credit.
What are the basic cell cycle phases? - ✔✔
Interphase: G0: exit from cell cycle
G1: recovery from M, growth
S: DNA rep
G2: Growth for M
M phase: mitosis
What is Interphase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Interphase includes chromosome
duplication, including cohesion and centrosome duplication.
Interphase occurs first in mitosis.
What is Prophase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Prophase is when chromosomal condensation
and aster separation (separate mitotic spindles and microtubules) happens.
Prometaphase occurs after interphase, before prometaphase.
, What is Prometaphase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Prometaphase is defined as when the
nuclear envelop is phosphorylated, chromosomes are captured by kinetochores and microtubules at
their centromeres.
Prometaphase occurs after prophase, before metaphase.
What is metaphase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Metaphase is defined by chromosomes
aligning at the (mid) metaphase-plate by random and independent assortment.
Metaphase occurs after prometaphase, before anaphase.
What is anaphase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Anaphase is when APC/C activated and
coheins are degraded.
Anaphase A: chromosome movement to poles;
Anaphase B: spindle pole seperation.
Anaphase is after metaphase, before Telophase
What is telophase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Telophase is where the nuclear envelope
reassembles and a contractile ring forms - but cleavage furrow does not occur.
Telophase is after Anaphase, before Cytokinesis
What is cytokinesis and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Cytokinesis is where the contractile ring
forms cleavage burrow; cells separate.
Cytokinesis occurs after Telophase and is the last stage of mitosis.
What are the main discerners between Mitosis and Meiosis? - ✔✔- Meiosis goes through mitosis twice,
reducing the number of chromosomes in each cell from 2n to 1n.
- Paternal and Maternal chromosomes go through recombination where the chromosomes are 'mixed'.
- In Metaphase I the homologous chromosomes pair up, not independent alignment on metaphase
plate. The chromatids do not seperate in this phase, just the homologous chromosomes.
- Goal of Meiosis is genetically different daughter cells, whereas mitosis is aiming for identical daughter
cells.
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What is the DNA -> RNA process? - ✔✔RNA polymerase I creates a transcript. This is primary RNA with 5'
cap and 3' with poly(a) site. Maturation of RNA includes cleaving at the poly(a) site and RNA splicing of
introns to leave matureRNA.
What is the mRNA to protein process? - ✔✔Codons run through ribosome in 3 base pairs. A
corresponding tRNA recognises 3 base pair and brings with it conjugate bases and an AA. This adds the
relevant AA for every 3 base pair, creating a polypeptide.
What is a definition for scientific misconduct? - ✔✔Intentional or gross negligence leading to falsification
of the scientific message or false credit.
What are the basic cell cycle phases? - ✔✔
Interphase: G0: exit from cell cycle
G1: recovery from M, growth
S: DNA rep
G2: Growth for M
M phase: mitosis
What is Interphase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Interphase includes chromosome
duplication, including cohesion and centrosome duplication.
Interphase occurs first in mitosis.
What is Prophase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Prophase is when chromosomal condensation
and aster separation (separate mitotic spindles and microtubules) happens.
Prometaphase occurs after interphase, before prometaphase.
, What is Prometaphase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Prometaphase is defined as when the
nuclear envelop is phosphorylated, chromosomes are captured by kinetochores and microtubules at
their centromeres.
Prometaphase occurs after prophase, before metaphase.
What is metaphase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Metaphase is defined by chromosomes
aligning at the (mid) metaphase-plate by random and independent assortment.
Metaphase occurs after prometaphase, before anaphase.
What is anaphase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Anaphase is when APC/C activated and
coheins are degraded.
Anaphase A: chromosome movement to poles;
Anaphase B: spindle pole seperation.
Anaphase is after metaphase, before Telophase
What is telophase and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Telophase is where the nuclear envelope
reassembles and a contractile ring forms - but cleavage furrow does not occur.
Telophase is after Anaphase, before Cytokinesis
What is cytokinesis and when does it occur in mitosis? - ✔✔Cytokinesis is where the contractile ring
forms cleavage burrow; cells separate.
Cytokinesis occurs after Telophase and is the last stage of mitosis.
What are the main discerners between Mitosis and Meiosis? - ✔✔- Meiosis goes through mitosis twice,
reducing the number of chromosomes in each cell from 2n to 1n.
- Paternal and Maternal chromosomes go through recombination where the chromosomes are 'mixed'.
- In Metaphase I the homologous chromosomes pair up, not independent alignment on metaphase
plate. The chromatids do not seperate in this phase, just the homologous chromosomes.
- Goal of Meiosis is genetically different daughter cells, whereas mitosis is aiming for identical daughter
cells.
