BIOL 2200 Final Exam | 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
A fish is excreting large volumes of water; we would describe it as ______________________ relative to
its environment. - ✔✔An osmoregulator that is hyperosmotic.
Which of the following animals likely makes the most nitrogenous waste?
A. Frugivorous Bat
B. Insectivorous Frog
C. Piscivorous Seal
D. Granivorous Bird - ✔✔C. Piscivorous Seal
Which of the following statements about mammalian excretion if FALSE:
A. Substances like solutes always diffuse across the nephron membrane, with direction based on
differences in the concentration gradient
B. Whenever water is diffusing out of nephron, solutes are diffusing in
C. Water resorption happens at every stage of the process, making the waste more and more
concentrated
D. A & B
E. A, B, and C - ✔✔E. A, B, and C
The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that ________. -
✔✔Urea is less toxic than ammonia
Uric acid is the _______________ toxic form of nitrogenous waste, has a very _____________ water
loss, and a very _____________________ energy expenditure. - ✔✔Least
Low
High
,Ammonia is likely to be the primary form of nitrogenous waste in an environment with a mass
abundance of _______________. - ✔✔Water
The figure shows the human excretory system. Letters from A to E mark the definite structures of this
system. Letter A marks the vessels that nourish the kidney. Letter B marks the tube, which goes from the
kidney to bladder. Letter C marks the sac in the pelvis. Letter D marks bean-shaped organ. Letter E marks
the tube, which goes from bladder to outside.
Which labels the urethra? - ✔✔E
Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by the _____ and
transported to the _____. - ✔✔Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Fluid from the glomerulus first collects in ____________________________. - ✔✔Bowman's Capsule
The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. - ✔✔Renal Arteries
What is the functional unit of a kidney? - ✔✔Nephron
The ________________ is the outer part of the kidney. - ✔✔Cortex
What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, leading to a reduction in the overall filtrate volume? -
✔✔Water, NaCl, Ions, and Nutrients
The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ____________, while it is impermeable to
_________________. - ✔✔NaCl
Water
,In which part of the nephron does the filtrate have a higher osmolarity than the blood when it enters
and a lower osmolarity than the blood when it leaves? - ✔✔Ascending loop of Henle
What contributes most significantly to the kidney's high energy expenditure? - ✔✔Transport of NaCl in
the thick portion of the ascending loop of Henle
True or False:
The collecting duct concentrates urine by actively reabsorbing NaCl. - ✔✔False
True or False:
Reabsorption of water and solutes in the proximal tubule reduces the volume of the filtrate. - ✔✔True
True or False:
The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when the kidneys are in water-conservation
mode. - ✔✔True
True or False:
Regulated changes in the epithelium of the loop of Henle allow the kidney to operate in water-
conservation mode. - ✔✔False
Place the 4 general components of excretion in the correct order:
1. Excretion
2. Filtration
3. Reabsorption
4. Secretion - ✔✔2, 3, 4, 1
Why doesn't your stomach digest itself or other components of the digestive tract? - ✔✔Stomach cells
are digested; they are replaced very frequently
Which of the following statements about comparative morphology of alimentary canals is true?
, A. Herbivores have short alimentary canals relative to carnivores because plant material is easy to digest
B. Herbivores have a long cecum relative to carnivores because bacteria help digest plant material
C. Omnivores have shorter alimentary canals than carnivores because they eat both plants and animals
D. All of the above
E. None of the above - ✔✔B.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Extracellular digestion requires specialized digestive organs
B. The human cecum plays a key role in digesting plant material
C. Chemical digestion is largely completed in the stomach
D. The liver is in chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
E. None of the above - ✔✔D.
Sexual reproduction is common among animals, but many plants asexually reproduce. Why?
A. Plants make their gametes via mitosis, so sexual reproduction does increase genetic diversity as
effectively as it does in animals
B. Plants are sessile, so finding a partner can be difficult and some reproduction is better than no
reproduction
C. In general, plants have shorter lifespans, so its more important for them to make lots of offspring
D. A & B
E. All of the Above - ✔✔B.
Differences in sperm and egg production in humans have consequences for the likelihood of successful
fertilization. Which of the following is false?
A. As a man gets older, his sperm quality decreases
B. As a man gets older, his sperm quantity decreases
C. As a woman gets older, her egg quality decreases
D. As a woman gets older, her egg quantity decreases
E. All of the above are true - ✔✔B.
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
A fish is excreting large volumes of water; we would describe it as ______________________ relative to
its environment. - ✔✔An osmoregulator that is hyperosmotic.
Which of the following animals likely makes the most nitrogenous waste?
A. Frugivorous Bat
B. Insectivorous Frog
C. Piscivorous Seal
D. Granivorous Bird - ✔✔C. Piscivorous Seal
Which of the following statements about mammalian excretion if FALSE:
A. Substances like solutes always diffuse across the nephron membrane, with direction based on
differences in the concentration gradient
B. Whenever water is diffusing out of nephron, solutes are diffusing in
C. Water resorption happens at every stage of the process, making the waste more and more
concentrated
D. A & B
E. A, B, and C - ✔✔E. A, B, and C
The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that ________. -
✔✔Urea is less toxic than ammonia
Uric acid is the _______________ toxic form of nitrogenous waste, has a very _____________ water
loss, and a very _____________________ energy expenditure. - ✔✔Least
Low
High
,Ammonia is likely to be the primary form of nitrogenous waste in an environment with a mass
abundance of _______________. - ✔✔Water
The figure shows the human excretory system. Letters from A to E mark the definite structures of this
system. Letter A marks the vessels that nourish the kidney. Letter B marks the tube, which goes from the
kidney to bladder. Letter C marks the sac in the pelvis. Letter D marks bean-shaped organ. Letter E marks
the tube, which goes from bladder to outside.
Which labels the urethra? - ✔✔E
Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by the _____ and
transported to the _____. - ✔✔Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Fluid from the glomerulus first collects in ____________________________. - ✔✔Bowman's Capsule
The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. - ✔✔Renal Arteries
What is the functional unit of a kidney? - ✔✔Nephron
The ________________ is the outer part of the kidney. - ✔✔Cortex
What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, leading to a reduction in the overall filtrate volume? -
✔✔Water, NaCl, Ions, and Nutrients
The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ____________, while it is impermeable to
_________________. - ✔✔NaCl
Water
,In which part of the nephron does the filtrate have a higher osmolarity than the blood when it enters
and a lower osmolarity than the blood when it leaves? - ✔✔Ascending loop of Henle
What contributes most significantly to the kidney's high energy expenditure? - ✔✔Transport of NaCl in
the thick portion of the ascending loop of Henle
True or False:
The collecting duct concentrates urine by actively reabsorbing NaCl. - ✔✔False
True or False:
Reabsorption of water and solutes in the proximal tubule reduces the volume of the filtrate. - ✔✔True
True or False:
The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when the kidneys are in water-conservation
mode. - ✔✔True
True or False:
Regulated changes in the epithelium of the loop of Henle allow the kidney to operate in water-
conservation mode. - ✔✔False
Place the 4 general components of excretion in the correct order:
1. Excretion
2. Filtration
3. Reabsorption
4. Secretion - ✔✔2, 3, 4, 1
Why doesn't your stomach digest itself or other components of the digestive tract? - ✔✔Stomach cells
are digested; they are replaced very frequently
Which of the following statements about comparative morphology of alimentary canals is true?
, A. Herbivores have short alimentary canals relative to carnivores because plant material is easy to digest
B. Herbivores have a long cecum relative to carnivores because bacteria help digest plant material
C. Omnivores have shorter alimentary canals than carnivores because they eat both plants and animals
D. All of the above
E. None of the above - ✔✔B.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Extracellular digestion requires specialized digestive organs
B. The human cecum plays a key role in digesting plant material
C. Chemical digestion is largely completed in the stomach
D. The liver is in chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
E. None of the above - ✔✔D.
Sexual reproduction is common among animals, but many plants asexually reproduce. Why?
A. Plants make their gametes via mitosis, so sexual reproduction does increase genetic diversity as
effectively as it does in animals
B. Plants are sessile, so finding a partner can be difficult and some reproduction is better than no
reproduction
C. In general, plants have shorter lifespans, so its more important for them to make lots of offspring
D. A & B
E. All of the Above - ✔✔B.
Differences in sperm and egg production in humans have consequences for the likelihood of successful
fertilization. Which of the following is false?
A. As a man gets older, his sperm quality decreases
B. As a man gets older, his sperm quantity decreases
C. As a woman gets older, her egg quality decreases
D. As a woman gets older, her egg quantity decreases
E. All of the above are true - ✔✔B.
