BIOL 200 Final | 100% Correct Answers |
Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What kinds of membranous structures can be seen on electron micrographs of the cell interior? -
✔✔Vesicles, network of membrane-bound channels, stacks of flattened, membrane-bound sacs (e.g.
golgi apparatus, RER)
What pathways of vesicle trafficking through the cytoplasm have been discovered? - ✔✔motor proteins
pull vesicles along tracks of microtubules and microfilaments
What substances of the biosynthetic pathway are made in the Golgi apparatus? - ✔✔lipids and
carbohydrates
What is the synthesis and secretion of a substance from the cell called when it happens in a continual,
unregulated manner? - ✔✔constitutive secretion
What is the pathway that allows materials or the membrane surface to move into the cell from the
outside to cytoplasmic compartments? - ✔✔endocytic pathway
How are proteins targeted to specific destinations within the cells? What types of signals are used by the
cell to direct proteins to the right cellular location? - ✔✔It involves integral membrane proteins,
secretory proteins, lysosomal proteins. They're routed to their destination by sorting signals (encoded in
amino acid sequences or are in attached oligosaccharides) which are recognized by receptors on cell
surfaces
How is sorting of proteins in the cell facilitated? - ✔✔specific membrane receptors for sorting signals
found in particular membranes of endomembrane system
coats that form on outer surfaces of transport vesicles help too
Where does radiolabel first appear in the cell when a tissue is briefly incubated with radioactive amino
acids? - ✔✔RER - site of protein synthesis (made of amino acid)
, In studying protein transport pathway in cells, what is the step called when a brief incubation of a tissue
with labeled amino acids is done? - ✔✔Pulse step - expose tissue briefly to radioactively labeled amino
acids (which are then incorporated into proteins)
After a tissue has been briefly labeled with radiolabeled amino acids, it is transferred to a medium
containing unlabeled amino acids. When this is done several times with different tissue samples for
varying periods of time, what is this step called? - ✔✔chase step
the longer the chase, the further the hot proteins travel from RER, allows the discernment of pathway
sequence
Which procedure would allow for the visualization of the dynamic movements of specific proteins as
they move through a single living cell? - ✔✔Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) - uses GFP from jellyfish to
see movement
conditions: GFP and protein have little/no effect on the other's natural functions/movement
When cells are homogenized, the cytomembrane system is broken into fragments that can fuse into
what? - ✔✔spherical vesicles - microsomes
What is the separation of different organelles or vesicles derived from different organelles called? -
✔✔cell fractionation - varied properties allow separation
large particles (like nuclei) pelleted at low speed centrifucation whereas microsomes left in supernatant.
Further separation by higher speed centrifugation
How do vesicles from different parts of the Golgi complex differ? - ✔✔distinct protein coats - use
gradient techniques to fractionate microsomes into smooth/rough membrane fractions
If free ribosomes are placed in a test tube with mRNAs and everything else needed synthesize proteins,
where are the proteins found after their production? - ✔✔released into aqueous fluid in the test tube
(the medium)
Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What kinds of membranous structures can be seen on electron micrographs of the cell interior? -
✔✔Vesicles, network of membrane-bound channels, stacks of flattened, membrane-bound sacs (e.g.
golgi apparatus, RER)
What pathways of vesicle trafficking through the cytoplasm have been discovered? - ✔✔motor proteins
pull vesicles along tracks of microtubules and microfilaments
What substances of the biosynthetic pathway are made in the Golgi apparatus? - ✔✔lipids and
carbohydrates
What is the synthesis and secretion of a substance from the cell called when it happens in a continual,
unregulated manner? - ✔✔constitutive secretion
What is the pathway that allows materials or the membrane surface to move into the cell from the
outside to cytoplasmic compartments? - ✔✔endocytic pathway
How are proteins targeted to specific destinations within the cells? What types of signals are used by the
cell to direct proteins to the right cellular location? - ✔✔It involves integral membrane proteins,
secretory proteins, lysosomal proteins. They're routed to their destination by sorting signals (encoded in
amino acid sequences or are in attached oligosaccharides) which are recognized by receptors on cell
surfaces
How is sorting of proteins in the cell facilitated? - ✔✔specific membrane receptors for sorting signals
found in particular membranes of endomembrane system
coats that form on outer surfaces of transport vesicles help too
Where does radiolabel first appear in the cell when a tissue is briefly incubated with radioactive amino
acids? - ✔✔RER - site of protein synthesis (made of amino acid)
, In studying protein transport pathway in cells, what is the step called when a brief incubation of a tissue
with labeled amino acids is done? - ✔✔Pulse step - expose tissue briefly to radioactively labeled amino
acids (which are then incorporated into proteins)
After a tissue has been briefly labeled with radiolabeled amino acids, it is transferred to a medium
containing unlabeled amino acids. When this is done several times with different tissue samples for
varying periods of time, what is this step called? - ✔✔chase step
the longer the chase, the further the hot proteins travel from RER, allows the discernment of pathway
sequence
Which procedure would allow for the visualization of the dynamic movements of specific proteins as
they move through a single living cell? - ✔✔Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) - uses GFP from jellyfish to
see movement
conditions: GFP and protein have little/no effect on the other's natural functions/movement
When cells are homogenized, the cytomembrane system is broken into fragments that can fuse into
what? - ✔✔spherical vesicles - microsomes
What is the separation of different organelles or vesicles derived from different organelles called? -
✔✔cell fractionation - varied properties allow separation
large particles (like nuclei) pelleted at low speed centrifucation whereas microsomes left in supernatant.
Further separation by higher speed centrifugation
How do vesicles from different parts of the Golgi complex differ? - ✔✔distinct protein coats - use
gradient techniques to fractionate microsomes into smooth/rough membrane fractions
If free ribosomes are placed in a test tube with mRNAs and everything else needed synthesize proteins,
where are the proteins found after their production? - ✔✔released into aqueous fluid in the test tube
(the medium)
