Bio Exam 2 Ventura College (Ch 13-19)
100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version
What is a good, brief definition of evolution as relevant to biology? - ✔✔Change over time in the
characteristics of a population
Does the theory of evolution imply a particular mechanism (yes/no)? - ✔✔No
What phrase did Darwin prefer to the word evolution? - ✔✔Descent with modification
Prior to the formulation of the idea (not really a theory yet) of evolution species were viewed as ___. -
✔✔Species were unchanging
How did Aristotle rank species in his ladder of Nature? - ✔✔Proximity to perfection
Provide 3 basic aspects of the fossil record that scientists learned in the time when evolution
was being developed as a theory? - ✔✔1. Certain fossils were ALWAYS FOUND IN SAME THE LAYER OF
ROCK
2. Fossils showed a PATTERN OF PROGRESSION
3. Fossils represented EXTINCT SPECIES
What is the term for the belief that rock layers, fossils, and extinctions have been caused by
events such as the story of the great (Noah's) flood written in the Bible? - ✔✔Catastrophism
What two men determined that the Earth was older than the Bible-based estimates popular at
the time and/or popularized this view of an old Earth? - ✔✔Hutton and Lyell
What is the term for the theory that the processes that shape the Earth today are the same and
occur at the same rate as the processes that have shaped the Earth in the past? - ✔✔Uniformitariansim
,What potential (but now refuted) mechanism of evolution was proposed by Lamark, a french
biologist? - ✔✔Inheritance of acquired characteristics
What do we know now, that wasn't even possible to think about in Lamark's time, that leads
us to reject/refute his proposed mechanism of evolution the Inheritance of Acquired Characters? -
✔✔The central dogma suggests information can be transferred from DNA --> RNA --> Protein, but NOT
back from Protein --> DNA
Who developed the theory of Natural Selection after traveling the world from 1831-1836 and
wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection to provide a logical argument in
support his theory? - ✔✔Charles Darwin
Which of Darwin's two major influences gave him the gift of time? - ✔✔Lyell
Which of Darwin's two major influences gave him the basis of the idea for what would
become known as fitness? - ✔✔Malthus
What theory did Lyell introduce to Darwin in his book Principles of Geology? - ✔✔Uniformatarianism
What concept did Malthus introduce Darwin to in his Essay on the Principles of Population? -
✔✔Struggle for limited resources
Who simultaneously proposed the theory of Natural Selection with Darwin? - ✔✔Alfred Russel Wallace
What is Wallace known for in addition to his role in the formulation of Natural Selection? - ✔✔Father of
biogeography
What is the general term for the remains of individuals, including both their features and
, products such as feces, that have been preserved in rocks? - ✔✔
What phrase is used for features of an organism that show how traits have evolved within a
lineage (in some ways a replacement term for "missing link" as that term doesn't really provide a
good picture of how evolution occurs)? - ✔✔Transverse features
What phrase is used for features of an organism that show how traits have evolved within a
lineage (in some ways a replacement term for "missing link" as that term doesn't really provide a
good picture of how evolution occurs)? - ✔✔
What is the general term for the remains of individuals, including both their features and
products such as feces, that have been preserved in rocks? - ✔✔Fossils
What relatively recent fossil discovery has helped us understand the transition between the
lobe-finned fishes and the tetrapods? - ✔✔Tiktaalik
How do the 3 groups of modern mammals show transitional features? - ✔✔Derived traits related to live
birth are built on ancestral traits
What features characterize reproduction in Eutherians, e.g. humans? - ✔✔US: Mammals that have a
TRUE PLACENTA (nourishment comes from mothers blood rather than yolk sac) long gestation and TRUE
VAGINA
What type of structures show how underlying structural similarity shows common ancestry
despite specialization for different functions? - ✔✔Homologous structures
What 2 areas, in addition to anatomy, can show homologies (homologous traits)? - ✔✔DNA
Embryology
100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version
What is a good, brief definition of evolution as relevant to biology? - ✔✔Change over time in the
characteristics of a population
Does the theory of evolution imply a particular mechanism (yes/no)? - ✔✔No
What phrase did Darwin prefer to the word evolution? - ✔✔Descent with modification
Prior to the formulation of the idea (not really a theory yet) of evolution species were viewed as ___. -
✔✔Species were unchanging
How did Aristotle rank species in his ladder of Nature? - ✔✔Proximity to perfection
Provide 3 basic aspects of the fossil record that scientists learned in the time when evolution
was being developed as a theory? - ✔✔1. Certain fossils were ALWAYS FOUND IN SAME THE LAYER OF
ROCK
2. Fossils showed a PATTERN OF PROGRESSION
3. Fossils represented EXTINCT SPECIES
What is the term for the belief that rock layers, fossils, and extinctions have been caused by
events such as the story of the great (Noah's) flood written in the Bible? - ✔✔Catastrophism
What two men determined that the Earth was older than the Bible-based estimates popular at
the time and/or popularized this view of an old Earth? - ✔✔Hutton and Lyell
What is the term for the theory that the processes that shape the Earth today are the same and
occur at the same rate as the processes that have shaped the Earth in the past? - ✔✔Uniformitariansim
,What potential (but now refuted) mechanism of evolution was proposed by Lamark, a french
biologist? - ✔✔Inheritance of acquired characteristics
What do we know now, that wasn't even possible to think about in Lamark's time, that leads
us to reject/refute his proposed mechanism of evolution the Inheritance of Acquired Characters? -
✔✔The central dogma suggests information can be transferred from DNA --> RNA --> Protein, but NOT
back from Protein --> DNA
Who developed the theory of Natural Selection after traveling the world from 1831-1836 and
wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection to provide a logical argument in
support his theory? - ✔✔Charles Darwin
Which of Darwin's two major influences gave him the gift of time? - ✔✔Lyell
Which of Darwin's two major influences gave him the basis of the idea for what would
become known as fitness? - ✔✔Malthus
What theory did Lyell introduce to Darwin in his book Principles of Geology? - ✔✔Uniformatarianism
What concept did Malthus introduce Darwin to in his Essay on the Principles of Population? -
✔✔Struggle for limited resources
Who simultaneously proposed the theory of Natural Selection with Darwin? - ✔✔Alfred Russel Wallace
What is Wallace known for in addition to his role in the formulation of Natural Selection? - ✔✔Father of
biogeography
What is the general term for the remains of individuals, including both their features and
, products such as feces, that have been preserved in rocks? - ✔✔
What phrase is used for features of an organism that show how traits have evolved within a
lineage (in some ways a replacement term for "missing link" as that term doesn't really provide a
good picture of how evolution occurs)? - ✔✔Transverse features
What phrase is used for features of an organism that show how traits have evolved within a
lineage (in some ways a replacement term for "missing link" as that term doesn't really provide a
good picture of how evolution occurs)? - ✔✔
What is the general term for the remains of individuals, including both their features and
products such as feces, that have been preserved in rocks? - ✔✔Fossils
What relatively recent fossil discovery has helped us understand the transition between the
lobe-finned fishes and the tetrapods? - ✔✔Tiktaalik
How do the 3 groups of modern mammals show transitional features? - ✔✔Derived traits related to live
birth are built on ancestral traits
What features characterize reproduction in Eutherians, e.g. humans? - ✔✔US: Mammals that have a
TRUE PLACENTA (nourishment comes from mothers blood rather than yolk sac) long gestation and TRUE
VAGINA
What type of structures show how underlying structural similarity shows common ancestry
despite specialization for different functions? - ✔✔Homologous structures
What 2 areas, in addition to anatomy, can show homologies (homologous traits)? - ✔✔DNA
Embryology
