BMSC 210 Midterm 1 | 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What are some properties of all cells? - ✔✔Growth, metabolism, and evolution
What are properties of some cells? - ✔✔differentiation, communication, genetic exchange, motility
What domain of life do marcroorganisms belong to? - ✔✔Eukarya
How did the diversity of life arise? - ✔✔Through evolution
Which encoding gene was/is slow to evolve? - ✔✔The gene encoding the small ribosomal subunit in
both eukarya (18S) and Bacteria/Archaea (16S)
Which domain is archaea most closely related to? - ✔✔Eukarya
How is the phylogenetic tree created? - ✔✔By analyzing DNA sequences from each organism
Which two domains of life are prokaryotic? - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
What were the ancestors of multicellular organisms? - ✔✔Eukaryotic microorganisms
What were the first two domains that diverged from LUCA? - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
What did Archaea diverge into? - ✔✔Eukarya and Archaea
What did Robert Hooke do and when? - ✔✔Wrote the first book devoted to microscopic observations in
1665
,What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do and when? - ✔✔He was the first to see bacteria in 1676
What did Ferdinand Cohn do and when? - ✔✔He was the first to see bacterial endospores, around the
1850s
What did Louis Pasteur do and when? - ✔✔Disproved spontaneous generation theory in 1864
-also developed vaccines for rabies, anthrax, and chicken cholera, around 1885
What did Pasteur use to disprove spontaneous generation theory? - ✔✔A swan shaped flask
What is number one of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The suspected pathogen must be present in everything
with the disease and absent from healthy animals
What is number two of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The suspected pathogen must be grown in a pure
culture
What is number three of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The pure culture from the suspected pathogen must
cause disease in a healthy animal
What is number four of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown
to be the same as the original
What is one of the effects of studying microbes? - ✔✔Deaths from infectious diseases have drastically
decreased
What does staining a microscope slide do? - ✔✔Improves contrast between features
What is the power of light microscopy limited by? - ✔✔Resolution
, What is resolution? - ✔✔The ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects
What is resolution determined by? - ✔✔The wavelength of light used (inversely proportional) and the
numerical aperture of the lens
What does shorter wavelength equal? - ✔✔Better resolution
What is the limit of resolution of light microscopy? - ✔✔0.2 micrometers
What does a compound microscope use to illuminate cells? - ✔✔Visible light
How are specimens visualized in bright field microcopy? - ✔✔Because of differences in contrast (density)
between specimen and surroundings
What two sets of lenses form the image? - ✔✔The objective and ocular lens
How does phase contrast microscopy improve contrast? - ✔✔By amplifying differences between the
refractive index of the cell and the surroundings
What doesn't phase contrast microscopy require? - ✔✔A stain, allowing visualization of live samples
What is the image of phase contrast microscopy? - ✔✔Dark cells on a light background
Where does the light reach the specimen from in dark field microscopy? - ✔✔It reaches the specimen
from the sides and then is scattered
What is the image of in dark field microscopy? - ✔✔Light cells on a dark background
What is dark field microscopy good for observing? - ✔✔Motility (movement)t
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What are some properties of all cells? - ✔✔Growth, metabolism, and evolution
What are properties of some cells? - ✔✔differentiation, communication, genetic exchange, motility
What domain of life do marcroorganisms belong to? - ✔✔Eukarya
How did the diversity of life arise? - ✔✔Through evolution
Which encoding gene was/is slow to evolve? - ✔✔The gene encoding the small ribosomal subunit in
both eukarya (18S) and Bacteria/Archaea (16S)
Which domain is archaea most closely related to? - ✔✔Eukarya
How is the phylogenetic tree created? - ✔✔By analyzing DNA sequences from each organism
Which two domains of life are prokaryotic? - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
What were the ancestors of multicellular organisms? - ✔✔Eukaryotic microorganisms
What were the first two domains that diverged from LUCA? - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
What did Archaea diverge into? - ✔✔Eukarya and Archaea
What did Robert Hooke do and when? - ✔✔Wrote the first book devoted to microscopic observations in
1665
,What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do and when? - ✔✔He was the first to see bacteria in 1676
What did Ferdinand Cohn do and when? - ✔✔He was the first to see bacterial endospores, around the
1850s
What did Louis Pasteur do and when? - ✔✔Disproved spontaneous generation theory in 1864
-also developed vaccines for rabies, anthrax, and chicken cholera, around 1885
What did Pasteur use to disprove spontaneous generation theory? - ✔✔A swan shaped flask
What is number one of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The suspected pathogen must be present in everything
with the disease and absent from healthy animals
What is number two of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The suspected pathogen must be grown in a pure
culture
What is number three of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The pure culture from the suspected pathogen must
cause disease in a healthy animal
What is number four of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown
to be the same as the original
What is one of the effects of studying microbes? - ✔✔Deaths from infectious diseases have drastically
decreased
What does staining a microscope slide do? - ✔✔Improves contrast between features
What is the power of light microscopy limited by? - ✔✔Resolution
, What is resolution? - ✔✔The ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects
What is resolution determined by? - ✔✔The wavelength of light used (inversely proportional) and the
numerical aperture of the lens
What does shorter wavelength equal? - ✔✔Better resolution
What is the limit of resolution of light microscopy? - ✔✔0.2 micrometers
What does a compound microscope use to illuminate cells? - ✔✔Visible light
How are specimens visualized in bright field microcopy? - ✔✔Because of differences in contrast (density)
between specimen and surroundings
What two sets of lenses form the image? - ✔✔The objective and ocular lens
How does phase contrast microscopy improve contrast? - ✔✔By amplifying differences between the
refractive index of the cell and the surroundings
What doesn't phase contrast microscopy require? - ✔✔A stain, allowing visualization of live samples
What is the image of phase contrast microscopy? - ✔✔Dark cells on a light background
Where does the light reach the specimen from in dark field microscopy? - ✔✔It reaches the specimen
from the sides and then is scattered
What is the image of in dark field microscopy? - ✔✔Light cells on a dark background
What is dark field microscopy good for observing? - ✔✔Motility (movement)t
