BSC 108 Exam 3 | 100% Correct | Verified |
2024 Version
The structure of a strand of DNA. - ✔✔it is a double helix, like a twisted ladder.
the ladder rings are nucleotide subunits and they have a covalent bond to the sugar phosphate
backbone (made of deoxyribose and a phosphate group)
What are the nucleotide subunits? - ✔✔adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
How are the subunits held together? - ✔✔through a hydrogen bond
What are the nucleotide subunits compliments? - ✔✔Adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
How does DNA replicate? - ✔✔the parent strand breaks off into two and then enzymes (DNA
polymerases) attach the complimentary nucleotide to each side, creating two separate daughter strands
What is the location site of where DNA replication begins on the double helix called? - ✔✔the origins of
replication
What is created when replication proceeds in both directions? - ✔✔replication bubbles, they are created
because at the origin the replication process proceeds in other directions, creating a bubble.
What is the replication forks? - ✔✔It is the location where the parent cells is separating and the
complimentary nucleotide is being added creating the two new strands
How does DNA determine specific traits (phenotypes)? - ✔✔Phenotypes arise from the actions of a wide
variety of proteins. To get these proteins this is what happens. DNA transfers genetic information
through transcription to RNA. Then through translation genetic info is transferred from RNA into a
polypeptide (protein strand)
, What is the structure of RNA? - ✔✔It is a single-stranded nucleic acid.
it is the same as DNA except it uses ribose instead of deoxyribose in the sugar phosphate backbone and
it uses uracil instead of thymine
tRNA - ✔✔transfer RNA: translation of the genetic message carried in the mRNA into the amino acid
language of proteins (converts the three-letter words, codons, of nucleic acids to the amino acid words
of proteins)
What is the function of mRNA? - ✔✔Messenger molecules carry the coding sequences for protein
synthesis and are called transcripts.
rRNA - ✔✔ribsosomal RNA
makes up ribosomes which are the organelles in the cytoplasm that coordinate the functioning of mRNA
and tRNA and actually make polypeptides
What two processes do genes code for specific proteins? - ✔✔transcription and translation
What is transcription and where does it take place? - ✔✔Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA under
the direction of DNA, nucleus
What is translation and where does it take place? - ✔✔It is the synthesis of a polypeptide (later becomes
a protein) under the direction of mRNA
occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - ✔✔It is made of a single strand of RNA. consisting of about 80
nucleotides. Chain twists and folds upon itself, forming several double-stranded regions in which short
stretches of RNA base-pair with other stretches. one end has a special triplet of bases called anticodons.
it is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. on the other side there is an amino acid attachment
site.
What is a mutation? - ✔✔It is a change in the genetic material (the nucleotide sequence) of a cell's DNA.
2024 Version
The structure of a strand of DNA. - ✔✔it is a double helix, like a twisted ladder.
the ladder rings are nucleotide subunits and they have a covalent bond to the sugar phosphate
backbone (made of deoxyribose and a phosphate group)
What are the nucleotide subunits? - ✔✔adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
How are the subunits held together? - ✔✔through a hydrogen bond
What are the nucleotide subunits compliments? - ✔✔Adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
How does DNA replicate? - ✔✔the parent strand breaks off into two and then enzymes (DNA
polymerases) attach the complimentary nucleotide to each side, creating two separate daughter strands
What is the location site of where DNA replication begins on the double helix called? - ✔✔the origins of
replication
What is created when replication proceeds in both directions? - ✔✔replication bubbles, they are created
because at the origin the replication process proceeds in other directions, creating a bubble.
What is the replication forks? - ✔✔It is the location where the parent cells is separating and the
complimentary nucleotide is being added creating the two new strands
How does DNA determine specific traits (phenotypes)? - ✔✔Phenotypes arise from the actions of a wide
variety of proteins. To get these proteins this is what happens. DNA transfers genetic information
through transcription to RNA. Then through translation genetic info is transferred from RNA into a
polypeptide (protein strand)
, What is the structure of RNA? - ✔✔It is a single-stranded nucleic acid.
it is the same as DNA except it uses ribose instead of deoxyribose in the sugar phosphate backbone and
it uses uracil instead of thymine
tRNA - ✔✔transfer RNA: translation of the genetic message carried in the mRNA into the amino acid
language of proteins (converts the three-letter words, codons, of nucleic acids to the amino acid words
of proteins)
What is the function of mRNA? - ✔✔Messenger molecules carry the coding sequences for protein
synthesis and are called transcripts.
rRNA - ✔✔ribsosomal RNA
makes up ribosomes which are the organelles in the cytoplasm that coordinate the functioning of mRNA
and tRNA and actually make polypeptides
What two processes do genes code for specific proteins? - ✔✔transcription and translation
What is transcription and where does it take place? - ✔✔Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA under
the direction of DNA, nucleus
What is translation and where does it take place? - ✔✔It is the synthesis of a polypeptide (later becomes
a protein) under the direction of mRNA
occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - ✔✔It is made of a single strand of RNA. consisting of about 80
nucleotides. Chain twists and folds upon itself, forming several double-stranded regions in which short
stretches of RNA base-pair with other stretches. one end has a special triplet of bases called anticodons.
it is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. on the other side there is an amino acid attachment
site.
What is a mutation? - ✔✔It is a change in the genetic material (the nucleotide sequence) of a cell's DNA.
