BSC 108 Exam 3 | 100% Correct | Verified |
2024 Version
Describe the process of transcription. What are the starting molecules and the end products? -
✔✔Transcription is the manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA. In initiation,
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region on the DNA strand. RNA synthesis occurs during the
elongation phase as RNA nucleotides are added to the growing RNA polynucleotide. When the RNA
polymerase reaches the terminator region of the gene, elongation stops and the polymerase and new
RNA molecule detach. The starting molecules are DNA, RNA polymerase, and RNA nucleotides. The end
product is a new strand of RNA.
a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal
- ✔✔Codon
an infectious form of a protein - ✔✔Prion
a virus that infects bacteria - ✔✔Bacteriophage
a noncoding portion of a gene - ✔✔Intron
a coding portion of a gene - ✔✔Exon
a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon - ✔✔Anticodon
T/F DNA and RNA are polymers composed of nucleotide monomers. - ✔✔True
How many nucleotides make up a codon? - ✔✔three
Translation converts the information stored in ____ to ____. - ✔✔RNA; polypeptide
, T/F The three parts of a nucleotide are a sugar, a phosphate, and an anticodon. - ✔✔False
The three parts of a nucleotide - ✔✔nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group
T/F After replication, each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand. -
✔✔True
A geneticist finds that a particular mutation has no effect on the polypeptide encoded by the gene. This
mutation probably involves - ✔✔deletion of one nucleotide.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that occurs during transcription? - ✔✔initiation,
elongation, termination
Describe the role of mRNA. - ✔✔Messenger RNA encodes genetic information from DNA and conveys it
to the ribosomes, where the information is translated into amino acid sequences.
If one strand of DNA has the sequence ATCCGA, what is the sequence of the other strand? - ✔✔TAGGCT
In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with _______. - ✔✔thymine;
cytosine
T/F A mutagen is any change to the genetic information of a cell or virus. - ✔✔False
What cellular structure facilitates the process of translation? - ✔✔ribosomes
How do viruses differ from bacterial cells? - ✔✔Viruses are not cellular and cannot reproduce outside of
a host organism.
What is the best definition of a genetically modified organism? - ✔✔an organism carrying a gene that
was acquired by artificial means
2024 Version
Describe the process of transcription. What are the starting molecules and the end products? -
✔✔Transcription is the manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA. In initiation,
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region on the DNA strand. RNA synthesis occurs during the
elongation phase as RNA nucleotides are added to the growing RNA polynucleotide. When the RNA
polymerase reaches the terminator region of the gene, elongation stops and the polymerase and new
RNA molecule detach. The starting molecules are DNA, RNA polymerase, and RNA nucleotides. The end
product is a new strand of RNA.
a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal
- ✔✔Codon
an infectious form of a protein - ✔✔Prion
a virus that infects bacteria - ✔✔Bacteriophage
a noncoding portion of a gene - ✔✔Intron
a coding portion of a gene - ✔✔Exon
a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon - ✔✔Anticodon
T/F DNA and RNA are polymers composed of nucleotide monomers. - ✔✔True
How many nucleotides make up a codon? - ✔✔three
Translation converts the information stored in ____ to ____. - ✔✔RNA; polypeptide
, T/F The three parts of a nucleotide are a sugar, a phosphate, and an anticodon. - ✔✔False
The three parts of a nucleotide - ✔✔nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group
T/F After replication, each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand. -
✔✔True
A geneticist finds that a particular mutation has no effect on the polypeptide encoded by the gene. This
mutation probably involves - ✔✔deletion of one nucleotide.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that occurs during transcription? - ✔✔initiation,
elongation, termination
Describe the role of mRNA. - ✔✔Messenger RNA encodes genetic information from DNA and conveys it
to the ribosomes, where the information is translated into amino acid sequences.
If one strand of DNA has the sequence ATCCGA, what is the sequence of the other strand? - ✔✔TAGGCT
In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with _______. - ✔✔thymine;
cytosine
T/F A mutagen is any change to the genetic information of a cell or virus. - ✔✔False
What cellular structure facilitates the process of translation? - ✔✔ribosomes
How do viruses differ from bacterial cells? - ✔✔Viruses are not cellular and cannot reproduce outside of
a host organism.
What is the best definition of a genetically modified organism? - ✔✔an organism carrying a gene that
was acquired by artificial means
